I think that the comment about real political leadership for the Reds is right on. The problem is that what unifies the reds is what they are against — the PAD, the Abhisit Government, elements of the highest institution. If the Red Shirts are going to move forward, they need to develop a more clear political program that states what exactly they are for, and what reform/changes they will bring if they are given the chance. Giles’ Red Siam manifesto is not that program — because what he proposes does not have popular support in Thailand. That is not a statement of my opinion about the manifesto, it is simply a statement of fact that the positions he lays out are too radical to be accepted by the average Thai.
Giles is not the right messenger for the Red Shirts. He is a marginal player in Thai politics at best and primarily served as a gad-fly. Even in the Thai labour movement, his support was marginal and limited at best.
The red shirts and their sponsor, Thaksin, are just as happy to use the Lese Majeste and criminal defamations laws against their rivals as politicians of other stripes. Remember the Far Eastern Review correspondents who were charged with Lese Majeste for publishing an article critical of Thaksin, not to mention the criminal defamation suit he filed against Supinya. It is hard to imagine any move growing out of the red shirts to reform these laws.
I agree with John Francis Lee that it is wishful thinking by Giles that the red shirt movement could move beyond its simplistic aim of restoring Thaksin to power and reuniting him with his frozen assets to become some kind of revolutionary force for radical social and political change. A complete overhaul of the status quo would require a movement that was capable of attracting widespread support from intellectuals, workers, peasants, students and the military. In other cases financial and military help from overseas has often been a critical factor and finally some sort of catalyst in the form of a cataclysmic event forced people to choose sides has often been a deciding factor.
The red shirts so far have some measure of support from peasants but this seems to be still based largely on the perception that Thaksin was the first politician who reached out to them and that they were far better off under the Thaksin government, when the various populist measures still had fresh novelty appeal. Undoubtedly there is some support from Thai intellectuals and academics but they seem in the minority, as most of this group is repelled by the red shirts’ association with Thaksin and Phuea Thai politicians with unsavory reputations. Students, in as much as they have a unified voice, have a fairly middle class outlook on life these days and are much more likely to side with the PAD than UDD. The fact that political science enrollments remain fairly strong reflects more the perception that it is an easy option requiring no special linguistic or numerate skills than a widespread interest in politics.
Workers are not organized in any meaningful way outside state enterprises and the state enterprise unions seem firmly with the PAD. The military remains a club for people who manage to build large mansions, send their children to study overseas and own fleets of luxury cars on tiny civil service stipends. There are certainly still Thaksinites in the senior ranks of the military, as well as in the police, but these are people who hope for a better position at the trough under a restored Thaksin regime, rather than budding revolutionaries. As for help from overseas, Thaksin’s own remittances apart, he certainly enjoyed a measure of support from Western governments when he was ousted in the coup, just as the recently ousted president of Madagascar is receiving now. However, since the 2007 elections restored elected government to Thailand of a sort and Thaksin became a convicted felon, Western governments want nothing more to do with him or his red shirt movement and they retain support overseas only from the tiny minority of Western intellectuals that follows the Thai political scene from a distance.
As for a cataclysmic event that might act as a catalyst, some may hope that the global debt deflation crisis may do the job in the way the Great Depression was a catalyst for revolutionary change in the early 30s. So far the signs are not at all encouraging for those who harbour such a hope. In the early 30s Thailand doggedly stuck to the gold standard after the US and Britain, owners of the two reserve currencies of the time, had suddenly abandoned it. This led to a total collapse in prices of local agricultural product prices and land values, far more deleterious even than Thailand’s 1997 Tom Yam Gung crisis, which made the inequitable system of taxation unsustainable. Things do look gloomy economically at present, particularly in the export sector which has anyway been steadily losing competitiveness since the late 90s, but there is no sign of a complete economic breakdown and agricultural product prices remain firm, albeit through government subsidies.
I think the revolution remains a pipedream and personally I hope that Thailand’s parliamentary system under constitutional monarchy continues for a long time. The alternative, a Marcos like president, gouging away at the country’s resources and suppressing all freedom of opinion is unthinkable.
Christie, the intentions of someone wanting publicity have been made quite clear through the actions of Heath Dollar. There is no disputing that. If he has the great integrity you say he has, why didn’t he report the matter to the Police in Thailand? Why would it matter to Heath Dollar when his claims were aired by SMH? I have to agree with Michael above, that he didn’t give a damn about Harry and was intent on cashing in on meaningless claims.
Even if one accepted that his claims were true, so what? Is Heath Dollar some higher authority on Lese Majeste than the Thai Royal Household or Ministry of Culture (where Harry wrote letters to before publishing)?
Good point John Francis Lee #2.
I will be more blunt. WHERE IS THE MONEY???
AjarnGiles really need to:
1) Get down from his “ivory Marxist tower” take one of the now out-dated MBA courses and put together a business plan and funding model.
2) Stage a coup against his master, PMThaksin, take over all Thaksin’s offshore assets and fund the Red movement from there as ChairmanGiles (a repeat of Communist history of sorts).
3) Start a Bernie Madoff-like Ponzi scheme synthesized with Dhammakaya fund-raising practices (already associated with the Reds anyway it seem). Instead of buying merit to progress up the many levels of heaven, you pay to get into deeper levels of Marxist Heaven. AjarnGiles will also need to take courses on marketing/advertising here to really make the Marxist Heaven very attractive with 15% ‘social profits’ on investment/annum…
John Francis Lee #23, it’s a common occurance that if there are conflicts concerning the yearly military reshuffle – especially if the politicians are involved in a tussle with the top brass, there will be rumours of a coup, if at least for the politicians to back off.
PMThaksin was well aware of that when he bumped GenSurayud upstairs (on their conflicting policies – business vs. security orientations – on the Myanmar border issue, if I am not wrong) he was said to call GenSurayud and asked “P’Aed, will you stage a coup against me?”. Before the 2006 coup it was PMThaksin’s “person above the constitution” and the tussle widely reported in the Thai media (and not just the English dailies) with PMPrem.
Post 1992 Black May, the military was discredited and the 1997 Constitution was also designed to keep them out of politics. By re-politicizing the military (especially after PMChuan-GenSurayud attempts, albeit slow, to reform the military), PMThaksin laid one of the many seeds of the 2006 coup. And what a transformation for them – from despised in 1992 to ‘hero’ in 2006 for many urban Thais (led by the same MajGenChamlong!).
Things could surely get worse – especially if there’s a violent crackdown on the Reds who are being rallied by PMThaksin’s very frequent phone-ins in the past few weeks. However, as long as the the security forces are professionally trained this time round and properly equipped (e.g. no more Chinese-made tear gas-bombs), it may not be that bad. Besides, in GenAnupong, they have a very cool-headed operator indeed.
Of course, PMThaksin wants an election now, before the highly capable Mr.Newin takes over Isan (via control of the Interior Ministry apparatus for one) and before PMAbhisit becomes comfortable in his leadership role (as some polls are already indicating). However he represents himself with people with highly questionable social standing (Chalerm), incompetent if not also corrupt underlings. Rumours of the Red leadership taking ‘a cut’ of the rally funds must have some truth when he decided to manage the opposition through his immediate family members (none of whom have any of Mr.Newin’s talents). Having AjarnGile’s spiritual and intellectual support is likely to erode his support further – especially if exploited by government.
In the longer term, the sad thing for Thai democracy is that PuerThai Party has not evolved into a viable opposition being dominated/handicapped by PMThaksin’s very personal agenda. Newin’s Bhumjai Thai Party is rumoured to be building a financial war chest that will attract/’buy’ PTP’s MPs into their ranks. PAD, in some reduced form, may also jump into the political fray.
Observer’s #11 “three main components” can’t even begin to comprehend the complexities of Thai society/politics/democracy – or any society/democracy for that matter. On the other hand, Observer’s components, when complemented with my 13++ components (more permutations welcomed!) in #15 and #16 is arguably a much more practical tool, better equipped to assimilate more “evidences” (refering to Nich’s).
Do you agree with Giles that the UDD is fast becoming a broad-based mass movement with possibly ‘revolutionary potential’? If yes, why? If no, why not?
I think the Giles is talking up the possibilities, trying to give his hopes reality by their assertion. He’s run it up the flag pole in hopes that someone salutes. I haven’t seen anyone saluting.
The reds will not be effective unless they develop real, popular leadership. The leadership on offer is the same old collection of political opportunists.
Real popular leadership is not only what’s wanting in Thailand but around the world, as we watch governments of all sorts work in the interest of the status quo and against the interests of their own people.
“the band lacks tightness”; this has to be the worst political offense and a major threat to national well-being. The police sure know their priorities. Maybe there is reason to update the Longman’s dictionary’s Thailand entry and demand that the previous printing be destroyed, now that all music is on time and off-tempo musicians are in jail. Nu rak muang thai.
You know I tend to dismiss this editorial from Pauline as just loose trashtalk. But the PPT‘s pointed out that the military is beating the drums about a “plot” to overthrow the government, and Ajarn Thongchai‘s antennae are up.
Are the regime’s stooges at the Bangkok Post and The Nation now helping to beat the drums on behalf of the military for more blood sacrifice?
Talk of the 2006 coup came first from The Nation, they seem to have the inside track on military thinking. I dismissed that as over the rop at the time. I thought it was passe. Little did I know…
Jonfernquist’s bolded talk of marxist foreigners plays into that anti-communist, anti-republican, anti-people rhetoric.
Things might be about to get very, very much worse here in Thailand.
What actually happens is that the locals (and us locally based and compensated Farang) sit around and listen to the Farang experts who are really clueless and not helpful at all because they don’t have enough on the ground knowledge to know what they are talking about (exemplified perfectly by the so-called realm of images hill tribe displacement article by these blog authors based on media reports).
Jon F:
And of course, your anecdote-based generalizations must be applicable to every foreign scholar who comments on this website! Or to anybody who just happens to disagree with you on LM, the PAD, etc. Yes, we’re all here just a bunch of ignorant, self-righteous, disrespectful, ivory-tower Marxists especially if we dare question what’s shown on Thai TV at 8:30 pm every night. Ah, but you’re a foreign scholar too, but you’re not like the rest of us, as you’re “enlightened” and see things the “Thai” way.
In case you were wondering, yes my family is Thai, and I am no Marxist. In fact most people would consider my political views to be conservative. But of course, I don’t claim to speak for all Thais, or all conservatives. I think most people on this site don’t claim to speak for others either – they speak becausae they have informed opinions based on their unique experiences. And in case you weren’t clear, you only speak for yourself too – you do not represent the unadulterated “Thai” view against some ignorant “foreign” view. You speak for yourself. Which is fine, I don’t think anyone disagrees with your right to an opinion. Nor should you denounce people for signing letters that express their opinions either.
It is going to be very difficult for those who are in Thailand to honestly give any appraisal of these developments, considering the Government intensity in monitoring the internet while using Lese Majeste and other ‘computor crime’ laws.
Well done Sidh.S!
Very insightful on the “Clean”Party What Khun Abhisit is saying is that Thai politics is now adapting the appearance of the western “model”
I wonder what other things he shares with Bill Clinton apart from the alleged draft dodging?
He’s the ideal man to make up with western business interests.
All Suthep has to do now is a little grooming of Newin to make him more presentable to western audiences in future….
The fact is there is never going to be any external change wrought in Thailand other than with Chinese tanks, and why should there be?
An old Thai friend once remarked to me that Thais will always get the politicians they deserve. I believe they deserve better.
[…] issues about the future of UDD and its support among sections of the Thai intelligentsia. In his recent interview with New Mandala, Giles Ji Ungpakorn described what he viewed as the morphing of the UDD/red shirt […]
A lecturer at a university, (Thammasat, I guess) but misquote the year of the most important mass uprise in Thai history, completely unaware of what’s going on in the university and the political conflict at its highest peak! She must had been completely out of touch, or an ignorant …… in the ivory tower herself. On the bright side, the students didn’t have to suffer for too long.
Quote:”the ‘fringe teachings’ of Buddhadasa, often quoted but not practiced ..”
“Fringe teachings’ do matter esp when ‘mainstream teachings’ help people to learn nothing new in order to improve state of things. I tend to believe that simply focusing on ‘the mainstream’ will bring out no insights. I think “Tammakai” used to be mainstream and the fact that the cult used to appeal to so many Thais means that it largely relies on existing or accepted ideologies.
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UDD – where to?
I think that the comment about real political leadership for the Reds is right on. The problem is that what unifies the reds is what they are against — the PAD, the Abhisit Government, elements of the highest institution. If the Red Shirts are going to move forward, they need to develop a more clear political program that states what exactly they are for, and what reform/changes they will bring if they are given the chance. Giles’ Red Siam manifesto is not that program — because what he proposes does not have popular support in Thailand. That is not a statement of my opinion about the manifesto, it is simply a statement of fact that the positions he lays out are too radical to be accepted by the average Thai.
Giles is not the right messenger for the Red Shirts. He is a marginal player in Thai politics at best and primarily served as a gad-fly. Even in the Thai labour movement, his support was marginal and limited at best.
Special interview: Giles Ungpakorn, part 1
The red shirts and their sponsor, Thaksin, are just as happy to use the Lese Majeste and criminal defamations laws against their rivals as politicians of other stripes. Remember the Far Eastern Review correspondents who were charged with Lese Majeste for publishing an article critical of Thaksin, not to mention the criminal defamation suit he filed against Supinya. It is hard to imagine any move growing out of the red shirts to reform these laws.
UDD – where to?
I agree with John Francis Lee that it is wishful thinking by Giles that the red shirt movement could move beyond its simplistic aim of restoring Thaksin to power and reuniting him with his frozen assets to become some kind of revolutionary force for radical social and political change. A complete overhaul of the status quo would require a movement that was capable of attracting widespread support from intellectuals, workers, peasants, students and the military. In other cases financial and military help from overseas has often been a critical factor and finally some sort of catalyst in the form of a cataclysmic event forced people to choose sides has often been a deciding factor.
The red shirts so far have some measure of support from peasants but this seems to be still based largely on the perception that Thaksin was the first politician who reached out to them and that they were far better off under the Thaksin government, when the various populist measures still had fresh novelty appeal. Undoubtedly there is some support from Thai intellectuals and academics but they seem in the minority, as most of this group is repelled by the red shirts’ association with Thaksin and Phuea Thai politicians with unsavory reputations. Students, in as much as they have a unified voice, have a fairly middle class outlook on life these days and are much more likely to side with the PAD than UDD. The fact that political science enrollments remain fairly strong reflects more the perception that it is an easy option requiring no special linguistic or numerate skills than a widespread interest in politics.
Workers are not organized in any meaningful way outside state enterprises and the state enterprise unions seem firmly with the PAD. The military remains a club for people who manage to build large mansions, send their children to study overseas and own fleets of luxury cars on tiny civil service stipends. There are certainly still Thaksinites in the senior ranks of the military, as well as in the police, but these are people who hope for a better position at the trough under a restored Thaksin regime, rather than budding revolutionaries. As for help from overseas, Thaksin’s own remittances apart, he certainly enjoyed a measure of support from Western governments when he was ousted in the coup, just as the recently ousted president of Madagascar is receiving now. However, since the 2007 elections restored elected government to Thailand of a sort and Thaksin became a convicted felon, Western governments want nothing more to do with him or his red shirt movement and they retain support overseas only from the tiny minority of Western intellectuals that follows the Thai political scene from a distance.
As for a cataclysmic event that might act as a catalyst, some may hope that the global debt deflation crisis may do the job in the way the Great Depression was a catalyst for revolutionary change in the early 30s. So far the signs are not at all encouraging for those who harbour such a hope. In the early 30s Thailand doggedly stuck to the gold standard after the US and Britain, owners of the two reserve currencies of the time, had suddenly abandoned it. This led to a total collapse in prices of local agricultural product prices and land values, far more deleterious even than Thailand’s 1997 Tom Yam Gung crisis, which made the inequitable system of taxation unsustainable. Things do look gloomy economically at present, particularly in the export sector which has anyway been steadily losing competitiveness since the late 90s, but there is no sign of a complete economic breakdown and agricultural product prices remain firm, albeit through government subsidies.
I think the revolution remains a pipedream and personally I hope that Thailand’s parliamentary system under constitutional monarchy continues for a long time. The alternative, a Marcos like president, gouging away at the country’s resources and suppressing all freedom of opinion is unthinkable.
Heath Dollar on Harry’s literary ambition
Christie, the intentions of someone wanting publicity have been made quite clear through the actions of Heath Dollar. There is no disputing that. If he has the great integrity you say he has, why didn’t he report the matter to the Police in Thailand? Why would it matter to Heath Dollar when his claims were aired by SMH? I have to agree with Michael above, that he didn’t give a damn about Harry and was intent on cashing in on meaningless claims.
Even if one accepted that his claims were true, so what? Is Heath Dollar some higher authority on Lese Majeste than the Thai Royal Household or Ministry of Culture (where Harry wrote letters to before publishing)?
UDD – where to?
Good point John Francis Lee #2.
I will be more blunt. WHERE IS THE MONEY???
AjarnGiles really need to:
1) Get down from his “ivory Marxist tower” take one of the now out-dated MBA courses and put together a business plan and funding model.
2) Stage a coup against his master, PMThaksin, take over all Thaksin’s offshore assets and fund the Red movement from there as ChairmanGiles (a repeat of Communist history of sorts).
3) Start a Bernie Madoff-like Ponzi scheme synthesized with Dhammakaya fund-raising practices (already associated with the Reds anyway it seem). Instead of buying merit to progress up the many levels of heaven, you pay to get into deeper levels of Marxist Heaven. AjarnGiles will also need to take courses on marketing/advertising here to really make the Marxist Heaven very attractive with 15% ‘social profits’ on investment/annum…
The Ivory Tower, democracy and all that jazz
John Francis Lee #23, it’s a common occurance that if there are conflicts concerning the yearly military reshuffle – especially if the politicians are involved in a tussle with the top brass, there will be rumours of a coup, if at least for the politicians to back off.
PMThaksin was well aware of that when he bumped GenSurayud upstairs (on their conflicting policies – business vs. security orientations – on the Myanmar border issue, if I am not wrong) he was said to call GenSurayud and asked “P’Aed, will you stage a coup against me?”. Before the 2006 coup it was PMThaksin’s “person above the constitution” and the tussle widely reported in the Thai media (and not just the English dailies) with PMPrem.
Post 1992 Black May, the military was discredited and the 1997 Constitution was also designed to keep them out of politics. By re-politicizing the military (especially after PMChuan-GenSurayud attempts, albeit slow, to reform the military), PMThaksin laid one of the many seeds of the 2006 coup. And what a transformation for them – from despised in 1992 to ‘hero’ in 2006 for many urban Thais (led by the same MajGenChamlong!).
Things could surely get worse – especially if there’s a violent crackdown on the Reds who are being rallied by PMThaksin’s very frequent phone-ins in the past few weeks. However, as long as the the security forces are professionally trained this time round and properly equipped (e.g. no more Chinese-made tear gas-bombs), it may not be that bad. Besides, in GenAnupong, they have a very cool-headed operator indeed.
Of course, PMThaksin wants an election now, before the highly capable Mr.Newin takes over Isan (via control of the Interior Ministry apparatus for one) and before PMAbhisit becomes comfortable in his leadership role (as some polls are already indicating). However he represents himself with people with highly questionable social standing (Chalerm), incompetent if not also corrupt underlings. Rumours of the Red leadership taking ‘a cut’ of the rally funds must have some truth when he decided to manage the opposition through his immediate family members (none of whom have any of Mr.Newin’s talents). Having AjarnGile’s spiritual and intellectual support is likely to erode his support further – especially if exploited by government.
In the longer term, the sad thing for Thai democracy is that PuerThai Party has not evolved into a viable opposition being dominated/handicapped by PMThaksin’s very personal agenda. Newin’s Bhumjai Thai Party is rumoured to be building a financial war chest that will attract/’buy’ PTP’s MPs into their ranks. PAD, in some reduced form, may also jump into the political fray.
Observer’s #11 “three main components” can’t even begin to comprehend the complexities of Thai society/politics/democracy – or any society/democracy for that matter. On the other hand, Observer’s components, when complemented with my 13++ components (more permutations welcomed!) in #15 and #16 is arguably a much more practical tool, better equipped to assimilate more “evidences” (refering to Nich’s).
No dessert for you
Notthenation is certainly very perceptive.
This was definitely good for a chuckle. I like the part about the kid who fled the country.
Rambo and the real war in Burma
Burmese Civil War is over. Kaput, finish, zip.
Many three generations of people of Burma, even four generations for some families, sadly fought in this mad war among brothers since 1948.
Many millions had shed their blood, sweat, and tears for whatever reasons they fancied or believed in.
For some the independence and autonomy, and for some just power and glory, but for most the integrity of the union of Burma.
For all the dead of this mad war, may their souls rest in peace!
UDD – where to?
Do you agree with Giles that the UDD is fast becoming a broad-based mass movement with possibly ‘revolutionary potential’? If yes, why? If no, why not?
I think the Giles is talking up the possibilities, trying to give his hopes reality by their assertion. He’s run it up the flag pole in hopes that someone salutes. I haven’t seen anyone saluting.
The reds will not be effective unless they develop real, popular leadership. The leadership on offer is the same old collection of political opportunists.
Real popular leadership is not only what’s wanting in Thailand but around the world, as we watch governments of all sorts work in the interest of the status quo and against the interests of their own people.
No dessert for you
“the band lacks tightness”; this has to be the worst political offense and a major threat to national well-being. The police sure know their priorities. Maybe there is reason to update the Longman’s dictionary’s Thailand entry and demand that the previous printing be destroyed, now that all music is on time and off-tempo musicians are in jail. Nu rak muang thai.
The Ivory Tower, democracy and all that jazz
You know I tend to dismiss this editorial from Pauline as just loose trashtalk. But the PPT‘s pointed out that the military is beating the drums about a “plot” to overthrow the government, and Ajarn Thongchai‘s antennae are up.
Are the regime’s stooges at the Bangkok Post and The Nation now helping to beat the drums on behalf of the military for more blood sacrifice?
Talk of the 2006 coup came first from The Nation, they seem to have the inside track on military thinking. I dismissed that as over the rop at the time. I thought it was passe. Little did I know…
Jonfernquist’s bolded talk of marxist foreigners plays into that anti-communist, anti-republican, anti-people rhetoric.
Things might be about to get very, very much worse here in Thailand.
The Ivory Tower, democracy and all that jazz
What actually happens is that the locals (and us locally based and compensated Farang) sit around and listen to the Farang experts who are really clueless and not helpful at all because they don’t have enough on the ground knowledge to know what they are talking about (exemplified perfectly by the so-called realm of images hill tribe displacement article by these blog authors based on media reports).
Jon F:
And of course, your anecdote-based generalizations must be applicable to every foreign scholar who comments on this website! Or to anybody who just happens to disagree with you on LM, the PAD, etc. Yes, we’re all here just a bunch of ignorant, self-righteous, disrespectful, ivory-tower Marxists especially if we dare question what’s shown on Thai TV at 8:30 pm every night. Ah, but you’re a foreign scholar too, but you’re not like the rest of us, as you’re “enlightened” and see things the “Thai” way.
In case you were wondering, yes my family is Thai, and I am no Marxist. In fact most people would consider my political views to be conservative. But of course, I don’t claim to speak for all Thais, or all conservatives. I think most people on this site don’t claim to speak for others either – they speak becausae they have informed opinions based on their unique experiences. And in case you weren’t clear, you only speak for yourself too – you do not represent the unadulterated “Thai” view against some ignorant “foreign” view. You speak for yourself. Which is fine, I don’t think anyone disagrees with your right to an opinion. Nor should you denounce people for signing letters that express their opinions either.
Debate on lese majeste
Do you need to register to go to the debate tomorrow? Otherwise I’d go…
UDD – where to?
It is going to be very difficult for those who are in Thailand to honestly give any appraisal of these developments, considering the Government intensity in monitoring the internet while using Lese Majeste and other ‘computor crime’ laws.
Abhisit’s talk in Oxford: From the inside
Well done Sidh.S!
Very insightful on the “Clean”Party What Khun Abhisit is saying is that Thai politics is now adapting the appearance of the western “model”
I wonder what other things he shares with Bill Clinton apart from the alleged draft dodging?
He’s the ideal man to make up with western business interests.
All Suthep has to do now is a little grooming of Newin to make him more presentable to western audiences in future….
The fact is there is never going to be any external change wrought in Thailand other than with Chinese tanks, and why should there be?
An old Thai friend once remarked to me that Thais will always get the politicians they deserve. I believe they deserve better.
Special interview: Giles Ungpakorn, part 1
[…] issues about the future of UDD and its support among sections of the Thai intelligentsia. In his recent interview with New Mandala, Giles Ji Ungpakorn described what he viewed as the morphing of the UDD/red shirt […]
The Ivory Tower, democracy and all that jazz
I think it is worth pointing out again that both she and the editor got the date wrong.
Imagine how you’d feel as a parent of one of the murdered civilians.
For me this highlights the staggering obtuseness present in Thailand.
Four Prime Ministers in one year
р╣С. “р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Ыр╕гр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡р╕Др╕гр╕нр╕Зр╕нр╕│р╕Щр╕▓р╕Ир╕бр╕▓р╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕кр╕┤р╣Йр╕Щр╕кр╕Зр╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕б” р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕З р╕н.р╕кр╕бр╕ир╕▒р╕Бр╕Фр╕┤р╣Мр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╣Ж р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕Ир╕░р╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Бр╣Зр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Щ р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╕Щр╕▒р╕Ър╕Хр╕нр╕Щр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Бр╕п р╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╣Ж р╕Бр╣Зр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Ър╕нр╕Бр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕Зр╕Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕кр╕Зр╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕бр╣Др╕Ыр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕зр╕гр╕░р╕вр╕░р╕лр╕Щр╕╢р╣Ир╕З
р╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕Ир╕нр╕бр╕Юр╕ер╣Бр╕Юр╣Йр╕бр╕Хр╕┤р╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕Ър╕▒р╕Нр╕Нр╕▒р╕Хр╕┤р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ир╕░р╕вр╣Йр╕▓р╕вр╕Щр╕Др╕гр╕лр╕ер╕зр╕Зр╣Др╕Ыр╣Ар╕Юр╕Кр╕гр╕Ър╕╣р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕з р╣Бр╕Бр╕Бр╣Зр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╣Др╕Ыр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕зр╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Др╕зр╕Зр╕Бр╣Зр╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╣Бр╕Чр╕Щ р╕Ьр╕бр╕Бр╣Зр╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╕кр╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕вр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Чр╕╕р╕Бр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕нр╕бр╕Юр╕ер╕Ыр╕ер╣Ир╕нр╕вр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Хр╕│р╣Бр╕лр╕Щр╣Ир╕Зр╕лр╕ер╕╕р╕Фр╕бр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕Ыр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Фр╕╣р╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Щр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╕Ьр╕е р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Щр╕▒р╕вр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Нр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ыр╕╕р╣Ир╕Щр╕Ир╕░р╣Бр╕Юр╣Йр╕кр╕Зр╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕б
р╣Т. р╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Хр╕нр╕Щр╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Др╕зр╕Зр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕гр╕▒р╕Рр╕бр╕Щр╕Хр╕гр╕╡р╣Гр╕Щр╕Ыр╕╡р╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щ р╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Хр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡ р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕бр╕╡р╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕ар╕▓р╕вр╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕З р╕Ьр╕бр╕Бр╣Зр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Гр╕Щр╣Гр╕Ир╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╣Др╕З р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ьр╕бр╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕Юр╕╡р╕вр╕Зр╣Ар╕ер╣Зр╕Бр╕Щр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕лр╕Щр╕▒р╕Зр╕кр╕╖р╕нр╕бр╕▓р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Бр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕ер╣Ир╕бр╕Бр╣Зр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Ър╕нр╕Бр╕нр╕░р╣Др╕гр╣Ар╕ер╕в
р╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Фр╕╡р╕вр╕зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Гр╕Др╕гр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕лр╕▓р╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Ыр╕гр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡р╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕ер╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕ер╕Зр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕бр╕Щр╣М р╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ьр╕ер╕ер╕▒р╕Юр╕Шр╣Мр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Хр╕▓р╕бр╕бр╕▓р╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Др╕Щр╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕лр╕▓ р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╕кр╕┤р╣Йр╕Щр╕Кр╕╡р╕зр╕┤р╕Хр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕З р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕кр╕┤р╣Йр╕Щр╕Кр╕╡р╕зр╕┤р╕Хр╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╣Ж р╕Др╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Чр╕│р╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕ер╕Зр╕Др╕н р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕Бр╕ер╕╡р╕вр╕Фр╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╣Др╕лр╕Щ р╕Щр╕╡р╣Ир╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Ьр╕бр╕Щр╕░р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕Ьр╕бр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕нр╕Зр╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Бр╕пр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕бр╕╡р╣Гр╕Др╕гр╕бр╕▓р╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕бр╕▓р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕ир╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Хр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Ар╕Ыр╕ер╣Ир╕▓ р╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕Ыр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕нр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Вр╕▓р╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Хр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕Зр╕ер╕│р╕Ър╕▓р╕Б р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Щр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ыр╕гр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕ир╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щ radical socialist р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Гр╕Кр╣И communist р╕нр╕▒р╕Щр╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щр╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╣Ар╕нр╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕Рр╕▓р╕Щр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕нр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕Фр╣Й
р╣У. р╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕кр╕╣р╕Нр╣Ар╕кр╕╡р╕вр╕Вр╕нр╕З р╣Ф р╕гр╕бр╕Х. р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Др╕зр╕гр╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Ар╕ер╣Ир╕Щр╣Ж р╕Ьр╕бр╕Бр╣Зр╣Ар╕ер╕вр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Гр╕кр╣И р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕Хр╕нр╕Щр╣Бр╕гр╕Бр╕Бр╣Зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Вр╕Кр╕Др╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕вр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕ер╕В р╣Ф р╕Ър╕▒р╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕┤р╕Нр╕Юр╕╖р╣Йр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Юр╕н р╕Ир╕░р╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Гр╕Кр╣Ир╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Ар╕Кр╕╖р╣Ир╕н р╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╕нр╕вр╕▓р╕Бр╕кр╕░р╕Чр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Кр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Вр╕Кр╕Др╕ер╕▓р╕Зр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕Щр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕нр╕╡р╕Бр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╕лр╕Щр╕╢р╣Ир╕З р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕кр╕░р╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕Фр╕╣р╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕Щр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Щр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╣Др╕Ыр╕Цр╕╣р╕Хр╣Йр╕Щр╣Др╕бр╣Йр╕лр╕▓р╣Ар╕ер╕Вр╕лр╕зр╕в
р╣Ф. р╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щр╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Чр╕╡р╣И р╕н.р╕кр╕бр╕ир╕▒р╕Бр╕Фр╕┤р╣Мр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕Цр╕╢р╕З anti-politician/ pro-monarchy trend р╕Вр╕нр╕Ър╕нр╕Бр╣Ар╕ер╕вр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Кр╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ор╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕зр╕┤р╕Юр╕▓р╕Бр╕йр╣Мр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╣Зр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕лр╕ер╕▓р╕вр╕Бр╕гр╕Ур╕╡р╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕Ьр╕┤р╕Фр╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕З р╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕нр╕╡р╕Бр╕нр╕▒р╕Щр╕Ьр╕бр╕бр╕┤р╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕зр╕┤р╕Юр╕▓р╕Бр╕йр╣Мр╕зр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╣Гр╕Др╕гр╕кр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕гр╕Цр╕Бр╣Зр╣Ар╕Кр╕┤р╕Н р╕лр╕▓р╕Бр╕Чр╕│р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╣Гр╕Ир╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕гр╕зр╕бр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕зр╕Вр╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Вр╕Кр╕Др╕Фр╕╡р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╣Гр╕Ир╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ
р╣Х. р╕Вр╕нр╕Ър╕Др╕╕р╕Ур╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щр╣Гр╕Ир╕Щр╕░р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕Ьр╕бр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕░р╣Др╕гр╕бр╕▓р╕Бр╣Гр╕Щр╕зр╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕лр╕Щр╕▒р╕Зр╕кр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Бр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕ер╣Ир╕бр╣Ар╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щ р╕Бр╣Зр╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕кр╕Щр╣Гр╕Ир╕лр╕▓р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╣Ар╕нр╕З р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣Ир╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕вр╣Ж р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Ар╕Др╕вр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕Юр╕зр╕Бр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╣Гр╕Щр╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕Бр╣Зр╕нр╕вр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ир╕░р╕Чр╕│р╕нр╕░р╣Др╕гр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕Ър╣Йр╕▓р╕З р╕лр╕Щр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕лр╕Щр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕╖р╕нр╣Ар╕Вр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Бр╕│р╕ер╕▒р╕Зр╕Чр╕│р╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣Ир╕Щр╕╡р╣И р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Фр╕╣р╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Щр╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕нр╕▒р╕Щр╕Хр╕гр╕▓р╕вр╣Ар╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕Фр╕┤р╕Щр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╣Др╕Ыр╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Ыр╕┤р╕Фр╣Ар╕Ьр╕в
р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Ар╕Фр╣Зр╕Щр╣Бр╕гр╕Бр╕Др╕╖р╕нр╕нр╕вр╕▓р╕Бр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕Щр╕лр╕▒р╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╣Гр╕кр╣Ир╣Гр╕И р╕лр╕▒р╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╕бр╕нр╕Зр╕кр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Вр╕╢р╣Йр╕Щ р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕Фр╣Зр╕Фр╕Вр╕▓р╕Фр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ир╕░р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╕╕р╕Бр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╕Ир╕Ър╕ер╕Зр╣Бр╕Ър╕Ъ anti-politician/ pro-monarchy trend
р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕╖р╕нр╕нр╕вр╕▓р╕Бр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Чр╕╕р╕Бр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Фр╕╡р╕бр╕╡р╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Ар╕нр╕З р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕кр╣Ир╣Гр╕Ир╕кр╕▒р╕Бр╕Щр╕┤р╕Фр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Вр╕╢р╣Йр╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕нр╕Фр╕╡р╕Хр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕кр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Бр╕│р╕ер╕▒р╕Зр╕Чр╕│р╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕╕р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Шр╕┤р╕Ыр╣Др╕Хр╕вр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕Чр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕Щр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕вр╣Ир╕нр╕бр╕Фр╕╡р╕Бр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╣Бр╕Щр╣Ир╕Щр╕нр╕Щ тАЛр╣Ар╕Юр╕╡р╕вр╕Зр╣Бр╕Др╣Ир╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕Фр╕╡р╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕кр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╕Хр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ж р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Бр╕кр╕Фр╕Зр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕зр╕ер╕▓р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕бр╕Др╕зр╕г
р╕Ьр╕бр╣Вр╕Кр╕Др╕Фр╕╡р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Юр╕╖р╣Йр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Хр╕гр╕Зр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕бр╕▓р╣Ар╕Вр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕зр╕Бр╣Зр╕нр╕вр╕▓р╕Бр╕Чр╕│р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Фр╕╡р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕╕р╕Ф р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Др╕гр╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╣Др╕Ыр╣Ар╕Вр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Фр╕╡р╕Бр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╣Зр╕вр╕┤р╕Щр╕Фр╕╡р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕бр╕▓р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╣Гр╕И р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Др╣Ир╕▓р╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╣Бр╕Чр╕Щ
р╣Бр╕Щр╣Ир╕Щр╕нр╕Щр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Ьр╕┤р╕Фр╕Юр╕ер╕▓р╕Фр╕вр╣Ир╕нр╕бр╕бр╕╡р╕Вр╕╢р╣Йр╕Щр╣Др╕Фр╣Й р╕Ьр╕бр╕вр╕┤р╕Щр╕Фр╕╡р╕Щр╣Йр╕нр╕бр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Фр╕╡р╣Гр╕Ир╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕Щр╕Чр╕▒р╕Бр╕Чр╣Йр╕зр╕Зр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕З р╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Ир╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╣Др╕Ы р╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕Ир╕░р╕Фр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ьр╕бр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕Зр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Чр╕Щ р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕Ир╕░р╕Чр╕│р╣Др╕Зр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕гр╕╣р╣Йр╕Фр╕╡р╣Ж р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕Зр╕Др╕╕р╣Йр╕бр╣Гр╕Кр╣Ир╣Др╕лр╕бр╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ
р╕Вр╕нр╣Вр╕Чр╕йр╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Щр╕░р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕лр╕бр╕Фр╣Бр╕гр╕Зр╣Бр╕Ыр╕ер╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕нр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕др╕йр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕з р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Др╕гр╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Хр╕гр╕Зр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Др╕Зр╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Ир╕ар╕▓р╕йр╕▓р╣Др╕Чр╕вр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Фр╕╡р╕Юр╕нр╕кр╕бр╕Др╕зр╕г р╕Юр╕Ър╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╕Хр╕нр╕Щр╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕░р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╕Ъ р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕кр╕▒р╕Нр╕Нр╕▓р╣Гр╕Ир╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Вр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕бр╕▓р╕Чр╕╕р╕Бр╕кр╕нр╕Зр╕нр╕▓р╕Чр╕┤р╕Хр╕вр╣М
р╕Ыр╕е. р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕╡р╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕ар╕▓р╕йр╕▓р╣Др╕Чр╕вр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕ар╕▓р╕йр╕▓р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕нр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕З р╕Ыр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Др╕Зр╣Др╕Ыр╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣Мр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ “р╕Фр╕▒р╕Фр╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Х” р╣Бр╕Ыр╕ер╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕нр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕др╕йр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕кр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╕гр╕нр╕вр╕вр╕┤р╣Йр╕бр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕лр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щ р╣Хр╣Хр╣Х
The Ivory Tower, democracy and all that jazz
A lecturer at a university, (Thammasat, I guess) but misquote the year of the most important mass uprise in Thai history, completely unaware of what’s going on in the university and the political conflict at its highest peak! She must had been completely out of touch, or an ignorant …… in the ivory tower herself. On the bright side, the students didn’t have to suffer for too long.
From the archives: Region of Revolt
Quote:”the ‘fringe teachings’ of Buddhadasa, often quoted but not practiced ..”
“Fringe teachings’ do matter esp when ‘mainstream teachings’ help people to learn nothing new in order to improve state of things. I tend to believe that simply focusing on ‘the mainstream’ will bring out no insights. I think “Tammakai” used to be mainstream and the fact that the cult used to appeal to so many Thais means that it largely relies on existing or accepted ideologies.