Lleij Samuel Schwartz I apologize for making fun of your snooty sounding pretense laden not easily pronounceable lordy names! I just cannot help myself . . . my mischievous DNA just sort of took over.
Okay okay! I will also sincerely apologize for stereotyping the Arabs into Talebans and Al-Quedas but again I always quickly counterpounch to inanities and artifice when I am not otherwise drunk. But I did not realize the word ‘peasant’ can also offend the lordly-named Lleij Samuel Schwartz but I like the earthy aroma I breathe from the word ‘peasant’ not present in the technical term ‘farmer”?
But I still claim the yanks invented materialism and concupiscent consumption. Hey had the (more restrained) Brits succeeded to colonize America, I believe the world today would have been spared from being mesmerized (or should I use traumatized?) by a Michael Jackson or a Paris Hilton. But I guess LSamuelS, you prefer Eminem, huh?
re Vichai:> I only blame the US of A for inventing materialism and its attendant philosophy of unabashed unbridled consumption . . . which eventually led to its necessity to further invent the nuclear bomb to protect its ideology of consumerism and runaway debts that now cause havoc to the Thai currency and its economy.
I gotta admit, Vichai, you have chutzpah (or as the Thais say: р╕бр╕╡р╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓). It cannot be denied that 21th century American culture is materialistic, but to claim that Americans “invented” materialism? Please. This coming from someone who hails from a place where just about every shop has a statue of Budai Buddha (р╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕▓р╕вр╕Щр╣М) holding aloft a golden ingot. In all my time in the United States, I had never seen a crucifix depicting Jesus hanging from the cross while clutching a bag of money in each hand. Need I bring up ole’ Mr. Jatukham?
As for the United States entering WW2 for some economic reason (as opposed to the Japanese launching a surprise attack on one of our naval bases)….well, I know better than to get into arguments with conspiracy theorists; nevertheless, I must ask, aren’t you aware that the Breton-Woods system and the resultant hegmony of the dollar stem from events that happened after WW2?
However, you are right in that Thaksin has bad taste. He was a populist demagogue who screwed over the middle class by taking their tax money to buy political favor with the working class and poor. Thaksinomics would have ruined the economy eventually, and if the middle class was patient, that’s how you could have gotten rid of him without handing over the country to a military dictatorship.
Now that the post-coup euphoria has worn off, the Bangkokian middle class is just now starting to realize that the aristocratic and military elites (who were never interested in democracy; populist demagogue or not) played them like a harp from Hell. Not that they would ever admit it; can’t lose face now, can we? Better just to slip on a yellow polo shirt and hope that our new military overlords consider our help in getting rid of р╣Др╕нр╣Йр╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓р╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╡р╣Ир╕вр╕б, and thus, are kind to us. You’re right, regret does leave a bad taste in one’s mouth, doesn’t it?
Finally, as for making fun of my name, calling the working class “peasants,” refering to Arabs as “Taleban” and “Al-Queda [sic],” and comments about Chinese-Thai….well, those verbal gaffes represent an ignorance and a cockiness that I have only seen in…..wait, yes! Is our dear “Vichai” actually ICT Minister Sittichai Pokaiyaudom reading New Mandala in his free time?
Further to the issue of Thai academics as a major obstacle to Thailand’s democratization: those academics appointed and paid by the junta to work in the Cabinet, the Legislative Council, the Constitutional Drafting Committee and all the other bodies that have been set up following the coup, are only one part of the problem. The other side of the same coin are those academics who posture as being critical of the regime.
One example: a couple of weeks ago Nidhi was interviewed on Channel 9’s “The Icon” [there is a link to the interview at http://www.sameskybooks.org/webboard/show.php?Category=sameskybooks&No=17800 ] where he came out with this remarkable revelation: Thais have actually had democracy for “hundreds and thousands” of years (р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕гр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Юр╕▒р╕Щр╕Ыр╕╡) (?!). Quite amazing that a historian of Nidhi’s stature could say such a thing – and on national television: he obviously wanted to get the message out to as broad an audience as possible. He followed this up with his oft-repeated argument that elections are only a minor part of democracy.
Now it’s not difficult to follow the logical conclusion to this point of view. If elections are only a minor element of democracy (which Thais in any case have had for a “thousand years”), then it follows that the democratic legitimacy of a government does not come from the mandate of the electorate. This was precisely the intellectual argument that was needed by the anti-Thaksin academics (including Nidhi and the Midnight University network) in order to justify their campaign to overthrow the popular leader of a democratically elected government that they could not accept. In other words, Nidhi’s view is merely a more sophisticated version of the argument popularised by The Manager media, among others, that the villagers were not educated enough to elect “р╕Др╕Щр╕Фр╕╡”, and that in any case, the villagers sell their votes. Another example is the famous episode when a number of academics compared Thaksin and Thai Rak Thai with Hitler and the Nazis – both had come to power through democratic elections.
The aim of all these discourses is to destroy the legitimacy of a government whose mandate comes from democratic elections. And how effective this argument has been. It has paved the way for the return of ratchakan democracy – which is not democracy at all. And now the same academics write their articles railing against the bureaucratic polity! In the world of international scholarship they would be crucified, but in the dark, authoritarian mafia world of Thai language academia they can get away it. (No wonder there is such resistance in the Thai universities to corporatization and international benchmarking. And how lucky the academics are that the English language skills of the students are so weak: the poor students have no option but to read this kind of rubbish. On this point, one can understand why the ratchakan has been so resistant to the wider adoption of English – Thais probably have the worst English proficiency in Asia – and why they continue with their ludicrous campaigns to promote the Thai language, as if the Thai language was in any danger! They have great control over Thai language discourse through the state education system and the state controlled media, and this discursive control inevitably leads to the ratchakan’s political hegemony (to which the academics are crucial) because it acts as a wall that keeps out foreign ideas for all but that small elite who can read and understand English language discourse.)
One could even go further and say that the academics’ resistance to accepting the principle that democratic legitimacy comes primarily from elections is based on pure self-interest, since such a political order would inevitably lead to the decline of the ratchakan state and therefore the political influence of the academics. This was already happening under Thaksin, who was famous for not listening to the academics. Now they have their revenge.
None of these academics who did so much to destroy the legitimacy of the Thai Rak Thai government before September 19 has ever shown any responsibility for what they did. And they expect us to take them seriously this time around.
When it comes to the crunch, academics associated with the so-called “р╕ар╕▓р╕Др╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Кр╕Щ” ultimately do not trust the Thai people to govern themselves. That is the real reason for their betrayal last year of those they purported to represent. For them, the people need the intellectual and moral leadership of the academics. So all their debate about democracy, the bureaucratic polity and even the monarchy is really a smokescreen. The real issue is the right of the academics to exercise intellectual and political leadership: the philosopher king.
LSamuelS hold your sch-waltzing horses! I only blame the US of A for inventing materialism and its attendant philosophy of unabashed unbridled consumption . . . which eventually led to its necessity to further invent the nuclear bomb to protect its ideology of consumerism and runaway debts that now cause havoc to the Thai currency and its economy.
LSamuelS I do not blame the US of A for your or mine\’s bad taste. Bad taste comes from our DNA. It was Thaksin\’s bad taste (but popular to the peasants btw) and malicious DNA that caused or continues to cause division in the Kingdom of Thailand merely because many in Thailand (and in New Mandala too) considered Thaksin\’s bad taste as epitome of democracy, whereas many others including myself felt it was … well just plain repulsive bad taste.
I don\’t doubt your contention LSamuelS the Thais standard for beauty were more likely Taleban or Al-Queda inspired! But I most vehemently submit that the Thais preference for square-face superseded the aquiline nose and was more recent, and certainly not Likay or Arabic inspired . . . BUT more of laws of economics driven because the millions of peasants had quickly discovered that square-face is an ATM machine, and a most wonderful Chinese-Thai (not American) invention indeed!
I am inclined to believe the ‘free market’ forces distorted the Thai Baht currency because whereas Thailand was so guillible as to follow the US of A in allowing its currency to float, –Vichai N
That’s right Vichai, blame Whitey. It must be so comforting to know that any problem can be traced to being р╕Эр╕гр╕▒р╣Ир╕Зр╕Ир╣Лр╕▓.
Let’s play a game, you and I. How about you and Ladda Tangsupachai put your heads together and come up with a list of all the things that most Thais would knee-jerkingly consider to be pure “Thai culture,” that wouldn’t exist in Thailand if it followed the nationalistic economic localism that the Juntacrats misinterpret as His Majesty’s “sufficency economy,” because these things originate from outside, and thus, are products of “globalization” *gasp!* When I get home from work, I’ll post my (long) list and we’ll compare.
I’ll give you one to get started:
Likay: Likay comes from a classical Arabian genre of performance called “Digar,” it was brought to Siam by royally-sponsored Arabian merchants during the Ayutthaya Period. Digarim were performed for the Siamese court as a show of respect by these merchants. The effect of this cannot only be seen in the adoption of Likay as a musical genre, but also in how it shaped current Thai standards of beauty (ie. fair complexed skin and a preference for Semitic, aquiline noses).
Khunying Khaisi Si-arun is the elder sister of the owner of Matichon, Khanchai Bunpan. Perhaps that might shed a light on the Matichon role as the press.
Well, at least the teacher made the students think, which is what His Majesty the King said he wanted his subjects to do about a year ago in a speech, which is more than can be said for the mandatory Thai studies class multiple choice final exam that I proctored at the university I worked at, which was quite frankly a joke, requiring a regurgitation of the teacher’s opinions about being Thai, Thailand, and other Tai ethnic groups, which got significant facts about other Tai ethnic groups just plain wrong, thus constituting proof (because it was a multiple choice test) that it is possible for a Farang **to know more about Thailand or Tais** than someone with Thai genes or blood running through their veins. That a Farang could love His Majesty the King just as much as a Thai is also possible.
I was taken aback by reading the following sentence this morning: “he criticized the prevalent academic attitude of uncritical acceptance of Western scholarship” http://www.city.fukuoka.jp/asiaprize/english/18/index.html
IMHO it is good to have a critical attitude to all scholarship, but the above phrase naturally raises the question, what exactly was it in the western scholarship that made it objectionable vis-a-vis the non-western scholarship. In general, there does not seem to be enough western scholarship on the non-western (perhaps contributing to situations like Iraq) and that scholarship should engage with the non-western, but not just blindly accept, on faith, what a particular non-western scholar says that it is, if in fact there is a consensus among non-western scholars. What to make of all the recent scholarly work on Buddhist relics by Strong or Trainor employing a very emic approach in light of a tooth relic that was scientifically proven not to be human down in Singapore…. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emic_and_etic
IN THE NAME OF THE ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN THAILAND,
I would call for a BOYCOTT of the Thai Studies conference at Thammasat next year.
It is a sort of shame. And it is disgusting to talk about
holding any panel in that conference when our colleague
is facing such a charge. It is not the case that the Farangs
aren’t understand the sanctity of overlordship in Thailand.
Instead, it is a barrel that the Thai people fear. It is really nauseating!
Does the monarchy institution bore of respect and want to rule by fear instead?
I agree with Kissmelon, the question could be judge neutral and student could be tried. But if the case goes against the lecturer for giving good grade to anyone who answer the other way, that would be just another Juferism case screaming for royal pardon. It wont surprise me if this case does not make news until too late and heads start to roll.
Are we still living in ancient time where talk of monarch are prosecuted for 7 generations and people cannot look up to see the king’s (or queen’s) face?
I guess Art class should be banned and prosecute for lese majest as well, for some of those lowly peasant-students drawing of royal’s portrait are not perfect.
Shocked would not be so shocked if Thaksin manage to return to Thailand tomorrow and somehow manage again to get himself and his TRT party back into power. Thai Baht will drop like a stone to Baht 50 or even Baht 60, back to Chavalit-Thaksin induced 1997 Thai Financial Crisis day!
‘Shocked’ – As we know inflation will corrupt and devalue a currency into toilet paper. Look at Zimbabwe and look at our neighbor Burma with hyper-inflation and meaningless currencies. Thaksin’s corruption also devalued the Thai Baht currency by contributing to insidious inflation (his 30% cut on every government project, remember?). Maybe the foreigners realize the ‘corruption inflation factor’ will have been materially diminished with the banishment of Thaksin and Thai Rak Thai Party, hence the ‘irrational exuberance’ for the Thai Baht currency by these guillible foreigners!
I am just surprised Andrew Walker had not commented on whether an overly strong Thai Baht currency is bad ‘capitalistic economy’ or misdirected ‘insufficiency economy’? I am inclined to believe the ‘free market’ forces distorted the Thai Baht currency because whereas Thailand was so guillible as to follow the US of A in allowing its currency to float, other countries (also selling big to USA) like China, Malaysia, Pakistan and mahy others kept their fixed/managed currency system to make their export products competitive to Thailand’s detriment.
It’s not only the generals that don’t know what to do with the baht – just look at the range of suggestions from economists, academics, business leaders & journalists.
IMO the BOT needs to place less emphasis on the USD (because it’s a basket case) – they need to manage the baht against a range of currencies, not just the US dollar.
One simplistic way of viewing the (extra) strong baht is that it has been a vote of confidence in the current government, because normally if a government is on the wrong track then the currency is dumped.
As far ways of blaming Thaksin, how’s this theory:
– While Thaksin was in power he and his cronies were secretly stashing away such large funds overseas that it kept a lid on the baht, but that has stopped now that he has been deposed .
The freezing of his (known) funds has further compounded the issue, because they need to bring some of those secret funds back into the country to fund the trouble making.
The police also asked for student answer sheets of the year 2006 too. Noted that the students did the exams on 28 September, about a week after the coup. Pay attention to no. 6 above which asked: Discuss how does the yellow- shirt phenomenon reflect problems in Thai society; Does this problem require resolution and how?
I think the question itself could be defended as being neutral.
So I think Lese Majeste charge against the lecturer can be judged innocent if he gets a fair trial.
But I am more concerned about those students who might have answered by linking the yellow- shirt phenomena with the yellow- flags on top of the gun’s tank. If the police should get any explicit evidence of anti-yellow in a written form, I am afraid the author will get a long vacation at “bangkok hillton.”
If you were the Thai lecturer, what will you do ? Will you hand over the answer sheets?
I am a student living in Thailand. I just knew about it from sameskybook’s webboard which referred to Mandala’s blog as a source. So I confirm that this news has not been in the press yet.
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No!
I SAY, YOU LOT NEED TO SETTLE THIS WITH A SPOT OF FENCING!
Earl Grey afterwards, jolly good what?!
No!
Ooops! I meant counterpunch . . not counterpounch. Too much beer sorry . . .!
My huge paunch for Thaksin huge pouch! I get relief from my penury while Thaksin gains peace-of-mind!
No!
Lleij Samuel Schwartz I apologize for making fun of your snooty sounding pretense laden not easily pronounceable lordy names! I just cannot help myself . . . my mischievous DNA just sort of took over.
Okay okay! I will also sincerely apologize for stereotyping the Arabs into Talebans and Al-Quedas but again I always quickly counterpounch to inanities and artifice when I am not otherwise drunk. But I did not realize the word ‘peasant’ can also offend the lordly-named Lleij Samuel Schwartz but I like the earthy aroma I breathe from the word ‘peasant’ not present in the technical term ‘farmer”?
But I still claim the yanks invented materialism and concupiscent consumption. Hey had the (more restrained) Brits succeeded to colonize America, I believe the world today would have been spared from being mesmerized (or should I use traumatized?) by a Michael Jackson or a Paris Hilton. But I guess LSamuelS, you prefer Eminem, huh?
No!
re Vichai:> I only blame the US of A for inventing materialism and its attendant philosophy of unabashed unbridled consumption . . . which eventually led to its necessity to further invent the nuclear bomb to protect its ideology of consumerism and runaway debts that now cause havoc to the Thai currency and its economy.
I gotta admit, Vichai, you have chutzpah (or as the Thais say: р╕бр╕╡р╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓). It cannot be denied that 21th century American culture is materialistic, but to claim that Americans “invented” materialism? Please. This coming from someone who hails from a place where just about every shop has a statue of Budai Buddha (р╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕▓р╕вр╕Щр╣М) holding aloft a golden ingot. In all my time in the United States, I had never seen a crucifix depicting Jesus hanging from the cross while clutching a bag of money in each hand. Need I bring up ole’ Mr. Jatukham?
As for the United States entering WW2 for some economic reason (as opposed to the Japanese launching a surprise attack on one of our naval bases)….well, I know better than to get into arguments with conspiracy theorists; nevertheless, I must ask, aren’t you aware that the Breton-Woods system and the resultant hegmony of the dollar stem from events that happened after WW2?
However, you are right in that Thaksin has bad taste. He was a populist demagogue who screwed over the middle class by taking their tax money to buy political favor with the working class and poor. Thaksinomics would have ruined the economy eventually, and if the middle class was patient, that’s how you could have gotten rid of him without handing over the country to a military dictatorship.
Now that the post-coup euphoria has worn off, the Bangkokian middle class is just now starting to realize that the aristocratic and military elites (who were never interested in democracy; populist demagogue or not) played them like a harp from Hell. Not that they would ever admit it; can’t lose face now, can we? Better just to slip on a yellow polo shirt and hope that our new military overlords consider our help in getting rid of р╣Др╕нр╣Йр╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓р╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╡р╣Ир╕вр╕б, and thus, are kind to us. You’re right, regret does leave a bad taste in one’s mouth, doesn’t it?
Finally, as for making fun of my name, calling the working class “peasants,” refering to Arabs as “Taleban” and “Al-Queda [sic],” and comments about Chinese-Thai….well, those verbal gaffes represent an ignorance and a cockiness that I have only seen in…..wait, yes! Is our dear “Vichai” actually ICT Minister Sittichai Pokaiyaudom reading New Mandala in his free time?
Thongchai’s update on the Thai Studies conference
Further to the issue of Thai academics as a major obstacle to Thailand’s democratization: those academics appointed and paid by the junta to work in the Cabinet, the Legislative Council, the Constitutional Drafting Committee and all the other bodies that have been set up following the coup, are only one part of the problem. The other side of the same coin are those academics who posture as being critical of the regime.
One example: a couple of weeks ago Nidhi was interviewed on Channel 9’s “The Icon” [there is a link to the interview at http://www.sameskybooks.org/webboard/show.php?Category=sameskybooks&No=17800 ] where he came out with this remarkable revelation: Thais have actually had democracy for “hundreds and thousands” of years (р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕гр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Юр╕▒р╕Щр╕Ыр╕╡) (?!). Quite amazing that a historian of Nidhi’s stature could say such a thing – and on national television: he obviously wanted to get the message out to as broad an audience as possible. He followed this up with his oft-repeated argument that elections are only a minor part of democracy.
Now it’s not difficult to follow the logical conclusion to this point of view. If elections are only a minor element of democracy (which Thais in any case have had for a “thousand years”), then it follows that the democratic legitimacy of a government does not come from the mandate of the electorate. This was precisely the intellectual argument that was needed by the anti-Thaksin academics (including Nidhi and the Midnight University network) in order to justify their campaign to overthrow the popular leader of a democratically elected government that they could not accept. In other words, Nidhi’s view is merely a more sophisticated version of the argument popularised by The Manager media, among others, that the villagers were not educated enough to elect “р╕Др╕Щр╕Фр╕╡”, and that in any case, the villagers sell their votes. Another example is the famous episode when a number of academics compared Thaksin and Thai Rak Thai with Hitler and the Nazis – both had come to power through democratic elections.
The aim of all these discourses is to destroy the legitimacy of a government whose mandate comes from democratic elections. And how effective this argument has been. It has paved the way for the return of ratchakan democracy – which is not democracy at all. And now the same academics write their articles railing against the bureaucratic polity! In the world of international scholarship they would be crucified, but in the dark, authoritarian mafia world of Thai language academia they can get away it. (No wonder there is such resistance in the Thai universities to corporatization and international benchmarking. And how lucky the academics are that the English language skills of the students are so weak: the poor students have no option but to read this kind of rubbish. On this point, one can understand why the ratchakan has been so resistant to the wider adoption of English – Thais probably have the worst English proficiency in Asia – and why they continue with their ludicrous campaigns to promote the Thai language, as if the Thai language was in any danger! They have great control over Thai language discourse through the state education system and the state controlled media, and this discursive control inevitably leads to the ratchakan’s political hegemony (to which the academics are crucial) because it acts as a wall that keeps out foreign ideas for all but that small elite who can read and understand English language discourse.)
One could even go further and say that the academics’ resistance to accepting the principle that democratic legitimacy comes primarily from elections is based on pure self-interest, since such a political order would inevitably lead to the decline of the ratchakan state and therefore the political influence of the academics. This was already happening under Thaksin, who was famous for not listening to the academics. Now they have their revenge.
None of these academics who did so much to destroy the legitimacy of the Thai Rak Thai government before September 19 has ever shown any responsibility for what they did. And they expect us to take them seriously this time around.
When it comes to the crunch, academics associated with the so-called “р╕ар╕▓р╕Др╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Кр╕Щ” ultimately do not trust the Thai people to govern themselves. That is the real reason for their betrayal last year of those they purported to represent. For them, the people need the intellectual and moral leadership of the academics. So all their debate about democracy, the bureaucratic polity and even the monarchy is really a smokescreen. The real issue is the right of the academics to exercise intellectual and political leadership: the philosopher king.
No!
LSamuelS hold your sch-waltzing horses! I only blame the US of A for inventing materialism and its attendant philosophy of unabashed unbridled consumption . . . which eventually led to its necessity to further invent the nuclear bomb to protect its ideology of consumerism and runaway debts that now cause havoc to the Thai currency and its economy.
LSamuelS I do not blame the US of A for your or mine\’s bad taste. Bad taste comes from our DNA. It was Thaksin\’s bad taste (but popular to the peasants btw) and malicious DNA that caused or continues to cause division in the Kingdom of Thailand merely because many in Thailand (and in New Mandala too) considered Thaksin\’s bad taste as epitome of democracy, whereas many others including myself felt it was … well just plain repulsive bad taste.
I don\’t doubt your contention LSamuelS the Thais standard for beauty were more likely Taleban or Al-Queda inspired! But I most vehemently submit that the Thais preference for square-face superseded the aquiline nose and was more recent, and certainly not Likay or Arabic inspired . . . BUT more of laws of economics driven because the millions of peasants had quickly discovered that square-face is an ATM machine, and a most wonderful Chinese-Thai (not American) invention indeed!
No!
I am inclined to believe the ‘free market’ forces distorted the Thai Baht currency because whereas Thailand was so guillible as to follow the US of A in allowing its currency to float, –Vichai N
That’s right Vichai, blame Whitey. It must be so comforting to know that any problem can be traced to being р╕Эр╕гр╕▒р╣Ир╕Зр╕Ир╣Лр╕▓.
Let’s play a game, you and I. How about you and Ladda Tangsupachai put your heads together and come up with a list of all the things that most Thais would knee-jerkingly consider to be pure “Thai culture,” that wouldn’t exist in Thailand if it followed the nationalistic economic localism that the Juntacrats misinterpret as His Majesty’s “sufficency economy,” because these things originate from outside, and thus, are products of “globalization” *gasp!* When I get home from work, I’ll post my (long) list and we’ll compare.
I’ll give you one to get started:
Likay: Likay comes from a classical Arabian genre of performance called “Digar,” it was brought to Siam by royally-sponsored Arabian merchants during the Ayutthaya Period. Digarim were performed for the Siamese court as a show of respect by these merchants. The effect of this cannot only be seen in the adoption of Likay as a musical genre, but also in how it shaped current Thai standards of beauty (ie. fair complexed skin and a preference for Semitic, aquiline noses).
Have fun!
Academic freedom?
р╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣М р╕б.р╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕гр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕гр╕вр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕в р╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╣Бр╕Ир╣Йр╕Зр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕лр╕▓р╕лр╕бр╕┤р╣Ир╕Щр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕гр╕бр╣Ар╕Фр╕Кр╕▓р╕Щр╕╕р╕ар╕▓р╕Ю
р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╣Др╕Ч – 19 р╕Б.р╕Д. 50 р╕гр╕▓р╕вр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕Вр╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Бр╕Ир╣Йр╕Зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣Мр╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╕Кр╕▒р╕вр╕кр╕┤р╕Зр╕лр╣Мр╕Бр╕▓р╕Щр╕▓р╕Щр╕Щр╕Чр╣М р╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣Мр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Ир╕│р╕ар╕▓р╕Др╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕Ыр╕гр╕▒р╕Кр╕Нр╕▓ р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣М р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕г р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕Ир╕▓р╕Б р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Фр╕г. р╕бр╕Ур╕╡р╕Ыр╕┤р╣Ир╕Щ р╕Юр╕гр╕лр╕бр╕кр╕╕р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╕гр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╣М р╕гр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Бр╕Чр╕Щр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣М р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕ир╕Ш 0520. 202/ р╕ер╕Зр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣И
16 р╕Б.р╕Д. 2550 р╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕З р╕Вр╕нр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Фр╕▓р╕йр╕Др╕│р╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕гр╕▓р╕вр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕гр╕вр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕в
р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕╕р╕зр╣Ир╕▓
“р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Юр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕кр╕зр╕Щ р╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Щр╕╡р╕Хр╕│р╕гр╕зр╕Ир╕ар╕╣р╕Шр╕гр╕нр╕│р╣Ар╕ар╕нр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╕Щр╕Др╕гр╕Ыр╕Рр╕б р╕Ир╕▒р╕Зр╕лр╕зр╕▒р╕Фр╕Щр╕Др╕гр╕Ыр╕Рр╕б
р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Вр╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣Мр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Фр╕▓р╕йр╕Др╕│р╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕гр╕▓р╕вр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕гр╕вр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Юр╕гр╣Йр╕нр╕б
р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Бр╕Бр╣Ир╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕ер╕░р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕Ыр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓ 2548
р╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕╕р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щ р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╕│р╣Др╕Ыр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Бр╕нр╕Ър╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕▓р╕Др╕Фр╕╡р╕лр╕бр╕┤р╣Ир╕Щр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕гр╕бр╣Ар╕Фр╕Кр╕▓р╕Щр╕╕р╕ар╕▓р╕Ю р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕п
р╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Вр╕нр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Вр╕Ыр╕гр╕Фр╕Чр╕гр╕▓р╕Ъ р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Вр╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Фр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕п р╕ар╕▓р╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣И
20 р╕Бр╕гр╕Бр╕Ор╕▓р╕Др╕б 2550 р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╕бр╕нр╕Ър╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Юр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕кр╕зр╕Щр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╣Др╕Ы”
р╕Ьр╕и. р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕кр╕▒р╕бр╕ар╕▓р╕йр╕Ур╣М ‘р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╣Др╕Ч’ р╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Щр╣Ир╕▓р╣Бр╕Ыр╕ер╕Б р╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣Ир╕Фр╕╡р╣Ж р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕лр╕ер╕╕р╕Фр╣Др╕Ыр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г
р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Вр╕нр╕Фр╕╣р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ъ р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Вр╕нр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕г р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╕Чр╕│р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡ р╕нр╕нр╕Щр╕╕р╕Нр╕▓р╕Хр╣Ар╕Ир╣Йр╕▓р╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Щ р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Цр╕╖р╕нр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕ер╕┤р╕Вр╕кр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╣М р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Ър╕нр╕Бр╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╕Ьр╕ер╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╕Щр╕│р╣Др╕Ыр╕Чр╕│р╕нр╕░р╣Др╕г р╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╣Ар╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╣Зр╕бр╕╡р╕кр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╕Ир╕░р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Бр╣Зр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕в р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Ар╕Ир╣Йр╕▓р╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╣Др╕Ыр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Бр╣Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Ьр╕┤р╕Ф р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕Чр╕│р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Бр╣Зр╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Ър╕гр╕┤р╕лр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╣Гр╕лр╣Й р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╣Гр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Бр╣Зр╕Др╕╖р╕нр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡
р╕кр╕│р╕лр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щ р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╣Бр╕Бр╕Щр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Шр╕┤р╕Ыр╣Др╕Хр╕вр╕Др╕╖р╕н р╕кр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╣Ар╕кр╕гр╕╡р╕ар╕▓р╕Юр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Бр╕кр╕Фр╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щ р╣Гр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕▓р╕Шр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕░р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Др╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣Ир╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕з р╕вр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╣Гр╕Щр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕кр╕гр╕╡р╕ар╕▓р╕Юр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Бр╕кр╕Фр╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕лр╣Зр╕Щ р╕Ир╕░р╕Чр╕│р╕ер╕▓р╕вр╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕нр╕╕р╕Фр╕бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓ р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕зр╕┤р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕лр╣М р╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕б р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕зр╕┤р╕Юр╕▓р╕Бр╕йр╣М р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Эр╕╢р╕Бр╕Эр╕Щр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щ р╕бр╕╡р╕зр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕Нр╕▓р╕Ур╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╣Ар╕нр╕З р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Юр╕ер╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕╕р╕Ур╕ар╕▓р╕Ю р╕Цр╣Йр╕▓р╣Бр╕бр╣Йр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕кр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╣Ар╕кр╕гр╕╡р╕ар╕▓р╕Юр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕╡ р╕Ир╕░р╕кр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╕нр╕╕р╕Фр╕бр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕Нр╕▓р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г
“р╣Ар╕гр╕▓р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Чр╕│р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Ир╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ор╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣М р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ор╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕Хр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ж р╕кр╕░р╕Чр╣Йр╕нр╕Щр╕Юр╕др╕Хр╕┤р╕Бр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕б р╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕Ур╕░р╣Вр╕Др╕гр╕Зр╕кр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕б р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕░р╕Чр╕░р╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕нр╕│р╕Щр╕▓р╕Ир╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╕╕р╣Ир╕бр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╕Хр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Ж р╕лр╕▒р╕зр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕Юр╕зр╕Бр╕Щр╕╡р╣Й р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕зр╕┤р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕лр╣Мр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щ р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ор╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╣Ар╕кр╕╖р╣Йр╕нр╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╖р╕нр╕З р╕Фр╕╣р╣Ар╕Йр╕вр╣Ж р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Др╕Фр╣Й р╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╣Ар╕Др╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕лр╣Мр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕░р╕Чр╣Йр╕нр╕Щр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕нр╕░р╣Др╕г”
р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕нр╕╡р╕Бр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕╣р╕Фр╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Пр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╣Ар╕кр╕╖р╣Йр╕нр╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Др╕Щр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕зр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щ р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕нр╕▓р╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╣Вр╕Ир╕бр╕Хр╕╡р╕Чр╕│р╕ер╕▓р╕вр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕╖р╣Ир╕Щ р╕Вр╕Ур╕░р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Бр╕йр╕▒р╕Хр╕гр╕┤р╕вр╣Мр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕Др╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╣Гр╕Щр╕Рр╕▓р╕Щр╕░р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕бр╕╕р╕Вр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕зр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕б р╕Щр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕Бр╕Ор╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╣Мр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Др╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕вр╕нр╕бр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Бр╕▒р╕Щ
р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕гр╕Бр╣Зр╕Хр╕▓р╕б р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕╕р╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Чр╕│р╕Др╕гр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Щр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕ер╕▒р╣Ир╕Щр╣Бр╕Бр╕ер╣Йр╕З р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Ыр╕ер╕▓р╕вр╕Ыр╕╡р╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Щ р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣М р╕зр╕┤р╕Щр╕▒р╕в р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Щр╣Нр╕▓р╕Юр╕е р╣Ар╕Др╕вр╕вр╕╖р╣Ир╕Щр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Др╕Ыр╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕╕р╕Ур╕лр╕Нр╕┤р╕Зр╣Др╕Вр╕ир╕гр╕╡ р╕ир╕гр╕╡р╕нр╕гр╕╕р╕У р╕гр╕▒р╕Рр╕бр╕Щр╕Хр╕гр╕╡р╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Чр╕гр╕зр╕Зр╕зр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕б р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕╕р╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Хр╕Щр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕гр╕и.р╕Юр╕гр╣Ар╕Юр╣Зр╕Н р╕ор╕▒р╣Ир╕Щр╕Хр╕гр╕░р╕Бр╕╣р╕е р╕Чр╕│р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕лр╕бр╕┤р╣Ир╕Щр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕гр╕бр╣Ар╕Фр╕Кр╕▓р╕Щр╕╕р╕ар╕▓р╕Ю р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕Др╕╕р╕Ур╕лр╕Нр╕┤р╕Зр╣Др╕Вр╕ир╕гр╕╡р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Кр╕╕р╕бр╕Юр╕е р╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕нр╕▓р╕Кр╕▓ р╕Щр╕▓р╕вр╕Бр╕кр╕ар╕▓р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕в р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕Бр╣Зр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕гр╕и.р╕Фр╕г.р╕зр╕┤р╕зр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╣Мр╕Кр╕▒р╕в р╕нр╕▒р╕Хр╕Цр╕▓р╕Бр╕г р╕нр╕Шр╕┤р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕г (р╣Гр╕Щр╕Вр╕Ур╕░р╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щ) р╣Вр╕Фр╕в р╕гр╕и.р╕Юр╕гр╣Ар╕Юр╣Зр╕Нр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Кр╕╡р╣Йр╣Бр╕Ир╕Зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕нр╕Шр╕┤р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╣Бр╕бр╣Йр╣Ар╕Шр╕нр╕Ир╕░р╕бр╕╡р╕Кр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣Ир╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕Др╣Йр╕▓р╣Вр╕Др╕гр╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╣Ар╕Фр╕╡р╕вр╕зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕Вр╕▓ р╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╣Ар╕Чр╕нр╕бр╕Щр╕▒р╣Йр╕Щр╣Ар╕Шр╕нр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕кр╕нр╕Щ р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕нр╕Шр╕┤р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╣Гр╕Ир╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕бр╕нр╕Зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕ер╕▒р╣Ир╕Щр╣Бр╕Бр╕ер╣Йр╕Зр╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕вр╕╕р╕Хр╕┤р╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Др╕Ы
р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╣Ар╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕╡р╣Й р╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕гр╕гр╕лр╕▓р╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣Мр╕Др╕Щр╣Гр╕лр╕бр╣И р╕Хр╕Щр╣Ар╕нр╕Зр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣Мр╕нр╕╖р╣Ир╕Щр╣Ж р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Ар╕Др╕вр╕вр╕╖р╣Ир╕Щр╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕Др╕▒р╕Фр╕Др╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕╕р╕Ур╕кр╕бр╕Ър╕▒р╕Хр╕┤р╕Вр╕нр╕З
р╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣Мр╕Др╕Щр╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Чр╕╡р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╕Ир╕░р╕Фр╕│р╕гр╕Зр╕Хр╕│р╣Бр╕лр╕Щр╣Ир╕Зр╕Хр╣Ир╕н р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╣Гр╕Кр╣Йр╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕Рр╕▓р╕Щр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╣Вр╕Ыр╕гр╣Ир╕Зр╣Гр╕кр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕╡р╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕▓р╕ар╕┤р╕Ър╕▓р╕ер╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ър╕гр╕┤р╕лр╕▓р╕г р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕Вр╕Ур╕░р╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕Бр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╕гр╕зр╕Ир╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╣Ар╕Чр╣Зр╕Ир╕Ир╕гр╕┤р╕Зр╕Бр╕│р╕ер╕▒р╕Зр╕Хр╕гр╕зр╕Ир╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕нр╕вр╕╣р╣И р╕Щр╕нр╕Бр╕Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕з р╕Хр╕Щр╣Ар╕Др╕вр╕бр╕╡р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕Юр╕┤р╕Юр╕▓р╕Чр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ъ р╕Ьр╕и.р╕зр╕┤р╕Щр╕▒р╕в р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Щр╕│р╕Юр╕е р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕Хр╕Щр╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╣Ар╕Бр╕Хр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Ьр╕и.р╕зр╕┤р╕Щр╕▒р╕в р╣Ар╕Ър╕┤р╕Бр╕лр╕бр╕╢р╕Бр╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Гр╕Кр╣Йр╣Гр╕Щр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╕Хр╕▒р╕з р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕гр╕▓р╕Др╕▓р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕бр╕▓р╕У 50,000 р╕Бр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ър╕▓р╕Чр╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Хр╕ер╕▒р╕Ър╕лр╕бр╕╢р╕Бр╕бр╕▓р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Фр╕╣ р╕Лр╕╢р╣Ир╕Зр╕нр╕Фр╕╡р╕Хр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕Щр╕╕р╕бр╕▒р╕Хр╕┤
р╕Ьр╕и.р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╣Гр╕Щр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣И 19 р╕Б.р╕Д.р╕Ир╕░р╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╣Др╕Ыр╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╕гр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣Мр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╣Гр╕Фр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Вр╕нр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Фр╕▓р╕йр╕Др╕│р╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕нр╕Щр╕╕р╕Нр╕▓р╕Хр╕Чр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡ р╕Чр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ьр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕бр╕▓ р╣Ар╕Др╕вр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕гр╕Ур╕╡р╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕Вр╕нр╕Фр╕╣р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╣Ар╕Щр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Ир╕▓р╕Б
р╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕бр╕▒р╣Ир╕Щр╣Гр╕Ир╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕кр╕нр╕Щ р╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕╕р╕бр╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Юр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕▓ р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕нр╕Щр╕╕р╕Нр╕▓р╕Хр╕Бр╣Зр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Ар╕Юр╕╡р╕вр╕Зр╕Фр╕╣р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╣Гр╕Щр╕лр╣Йр╕нр╕З р╕лр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕Щр╕│р╕нр╕нр╕Бр╣Др╕Ы р╕Щр╕нр╕Бр╕Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕Щр╕╡р╣Й р╣Ар╕Вр╕▓р╕вр╕▒р╕Зр╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Чр╕│р╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╕Щр╕╡р╣Й р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Юр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕▓р╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Ьр╕ер╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Чр╕Ър╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕нр╕▓р╕Ир╣Ар╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Вр╕╢р╣Йр╕Щр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕бр╕┤р╕Фр╕кр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И
Khunying Khaisi Si-arun is the elder sister of the owner of Matichon, Khanchai Bunpan. Perhaps that might shed a light on the Matichon role as the press.
Academic freedom?
Well, at least the teacher made the students think, which is what His Majesty the King said he wanted his subjects to do about a year ago in a speech, which is more than can be said for the mandatory Thai studies class multiple choice final exam that I proctored at the university I worked at, which was quite frankly a joke, requiring a regurgitation of the teacher’s opinions about being Thai, Thailand, and other Tai ethnic groups, which got significant facts about other Tai ethnic groups just plain wrong, thus constituting proof (because it was a multiple choice test) that it is possible for a Farang **to know more about Thailand or Tais** than someone with Thai genes or blood running through their veins. That a Farang could love His Majesty the King just as much as a Thai is also possible.
I was taken aback by reading the following sentence this morning: “he criticized the prevalent academic attitude of uncritical acceptance of Western scholarship”
http://www.city.fukuoka.jp/asiaprize/english/18/index.html
IMHO it is good to have a critical attitude to all scholarship, but the above phrase naturally raises the question, what exactly was it in the western scholarship that made it objectionable vis-a-vis the non-western scholarship. In general, there does not seem to be enough western scholarship on the non-western (perhaps contributing to situations like Iraq) and that scholarship should engage with the non-western, but not just blindly accept, on faith, what a particular non-western scholar says that it is, if in fact there is a consensus among non-western scholars. What to make of all the recent scholarly work on Buddhist relics by Strong or Trainor employing a very emic approach in light of a tooth relic that was scientifically proven not to be human down in Singapore….
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emic_and_etic
Academic freedom?
That we have to talk about this issue at all is utterly sickening.
Academic freedom?
IN THE NAME OF THE ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN THAILAND,
I would call for a BOYCOTT of the Thai Studies conference at Thammasat next year.
It is a sort of shame. And it is disgusting to talk about
holding any panel in that conference when our colleague
is facing such a charge. It is not the case that the Farangs
aren’t understand the sanctity of overlordship in Thailand.
Instead, it is a barrel that the Thai people fear. It is really nauseating!
Academic freedom?
Does the monarchy institution bore of respect and want to rule by fear instead?
I agree with Kissmelon, the question could be judge neutral and student could be tried. But if the case goes against the lecturer for giving good grade to anyone who answer the other way, that would be just another Juferism case screaming for royal pardon. It wont surprise me if this case does not make news until too late and heads start to roll.
Are we still living in ancient time where talk of monarch are prosecuted for 7 generations and people cannot look up to see the king’s (or queen’s) face?
I guess Art class should be banned and prosecute for lese majest as well, for some of those lowly peasant-students drawing of royal’s portrait are not perfect.
No!
Shocked would not be so shocked if Thaksin manage to return to Thailand tomorrow and somehow manage again to get himself and his TRT party back into power. Thai Baht will drop like a stone to Baht 50 or even Baht 60, back to Chavalit-Thaksin induced 1997 Thai Financial Crisis day!
‘Shocked’ – As we know inflation will corrupt and devalue a currency into toilet paper. Look at Zimbabwe and look at our neighbor Burma with hyper-inflation and meaningless currencies. Thaksin’s corruption also devalued the Thai Baht currency by contributing to insidious inflation (his 30% cut on every government project, remember?). Maybe the foreigners realize the ‘corruption inflation factor’ will have been materially diminished with the banishment of Thaksin and Thai Rak Thai Party, hence the ‘irrational exuberance’ for the Thai Baht currency by these guillible foreigners!
I am just surprised Andrew Walker had not commented on whether an overly strong Thai Baht currency is bad ‘capitalistic economy’ or misdirected ‘insufficiency economy’? I am inclined to believe the ‘free market’ forces distorted the Thai Baht currency because whereas Thailand was so guillible as to follow the US of A in allowing its currency to float, other countries (also selling big to USA) like China, Malaysia, Pakistan and mahy others kept their fixed/managed currency system to make their export products competitive to Thailand’s detriment.
No!
It’s not only the generals that don’t know what to do with the baht – just look at the range of suggestions from economists, academics, business leaders & journalists.
IMO the BOT needs to place less emphasis on the USD (because it’s a basket case) – they need to manage the baht against a range of currencies, not just the US dollar.
One simplistic way of viewing the (extra) strong baht is that it has been a vote of confidence in the current government, because normally if a government is on the wrong track then the currency is dumped.
As far ways of blaming Thaksin, how’s this theory:
– While Thaksin was in power he and his cronies were secretly stashing away such large funds overseas that it kept a lid on the baht, but that has stopped now that he has been deposed .
The freezing of his (known) funds has further compounded the issue, because they need to bring some of those secret funds back into the country to fund the trouble making.
No!
Unbelievable! Vichai says something half intelligent in #11 but then goes back to ranting and raving in #14.
Academic freedom?
Exam questionaire of 2006 asked these questions below.
р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣М р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕г
р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Ир╕│ р╕ар╕▓р╕Др╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕Хр╣Йр╕Щ р╕Ыр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓ 2549
р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓ 449- 104 THAI CIVILIZATION р╕Ир╕│р╕Щр╕зр╕Щ 1 р╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓
р╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Юр╕др╕лр╕▒р╕кр╕Чр╕╡р╣И 28 р╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╕вр╕▓р╕вр╕Щ 2549 р╣Ар╕зр╕ер╕▓ 13.30 р╕Щ.-16.30 р╕Щ.
р╕Др╕│р╕кр╕▒р╣Ир╕З р╣С. р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Чр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕лр╕бр╕Фр╕бр╕╡ р╣Ср╣Р р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╕│р╣Ар╕Юр╕╡р╕вр╕З р╣Ф р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Чр╕│р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕Чр╕╡р╣И р╣С
(р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕ер╕░ р╣Тр╣Р р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щ р╕гр╕зр╕б р╣Шр╣Р р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щ)
р╣Т. р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Щр╕│р╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╣Гр╕Ф р╣Ж р╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕Фр╕╣р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╣Др╕Фр╣Й
р╣С. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Кр╕▓р╕Хр╕┤р╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕бр╕╡р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕Др╕╖р╕нр╕нр╕░р╣Др╕г р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Др╕зр╕гр╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕Ур╣Мр╣Бр╕лр╣Ир╕Зр╕Кр╕▓р╕Хр╕┤р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И
р╣Т. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Ар╕Чр╕ир╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╣Гр╕Кр╣Йр╣Бр╕Щр╕зр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕▓р╕Хр╕▓р╕бр╣Бр╕Щр╕зр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Чр╕╕р╕Щр╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Вр╕ер╕Бр╕▓р╕ар╕┤р╕зр╕▒р╕Хр╕Щр╣Мр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╣Гр╕Ф р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣У. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕бр╕нр╕Зр╕Ър╕Чр╕Ър╕▓р╕Чр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╕╕р╣Ир╕бр╕Юр╕▒р╕Щр╕Шр╕бр╕┤р╕Хр╕гр╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Шр╕┤р╕Ыр╣Др╕Хр╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Хр╣Йр╕▓р╕Щр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕нр╕Ър╕Чр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕┤р╕Ур╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╣Др╕г р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕Др╕ер╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╣Др╕лр╕зр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Гр╕Щр╣Бр╕Щр╕зр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕▓р╕░р╕кр╕бр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ф. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕Ыр╕ер╕╡р╣Ир╕вр╕Щр╕Чр╕▒р╕ир╕Щр╕Др╕Хр╕┤р╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕Юр╕ир╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕гр╕бр╕Ур╣Мр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕лр╕Нр╕┤р╕Зр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Бр╕ер╕╕р╣Ир╕бр╕гр╕▒р╕Бр╕гр╣Ир╕зр╕бр╣Ар╕Юр╕ир╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Х. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Ир╕░р╣Бр╕Бр╣Йр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕ар╕▓р╕Др╣Гр╕Хр╣Йр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Чр╕╕р╕Б р╣Ж р╕Эр╣Ир╕▓р╕в р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ц. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕гр╕░р╣Бр╕кр╕Др╕Щр╣Ар╕кр╕╖р╣Йр╕нр╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╕кр╕░р╕Чр╣Йр╕нр╕Щр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╣Др╕г р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╣Бр╕Бр╣Йр╣Др╕Вр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ч. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕Фр╕│р╣Ар╕Щр╕┤р╕Щр╣Др╕Ыр╣Гр╕Щр╕Чр╕┤р╕ир╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Ир╕▒р╕Бр╣Др╕бр╣Ир╕Хр╕Бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Ар╕лр╕вр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╣Бр╕кр╣Вр╕ер╕Бр╕▓р╕ар╕┤р╕зр╕▒р╕Хр╕Щр╣М р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ш. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╣Вр╕ер╕Бр╕Чр╕▒р╕ир╕Щр╣Мр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Кр╕╡р╕зр╕Чр╕▒р╕ир╕Щр╣Мр╣Бр╕Ър╕Ър╣Гр╕Фр╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Ир╕│р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕кр╕│р╕лр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕ар╕▓р╕вр╣Гр╕Хр╣Йр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Шр╕┤р╕Ыр╣Др╕Хр╕в р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Щ. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Бр╕Ър╕Ър╕нр╕│р╕Щр╕▓р╕Ир╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕ир╕▒р╕Бр╕Фр╕┤р╕Щр╕▓р╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Др╕зр╕гр╕Ир╕▒р╕Фр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕гр╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╕Щр╕╡р╣Й р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ср╣Р. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕гр╕▒р╕Рр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕Щр╕╣р╕Нр╕Йр╕Ър╕▒р╕Ър╣Бр╕Бр╣Йр╣Др╕Вр╣Гр╕лр╕бр╣Ир╕Др╕зр╕гр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╣Др╕г р╣Ар╕Щр╣Йр╕Щр╕лр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Гр╕Ф р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╣Гр╕Ф р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
The police also asked for student answer sheets of the year 2006 too. Noted that the students did the exams on 28 September, about a week after the coup. Pay attention to no. 6 above which asked: Discuss how does the yellow- shirt phenomenon reflect problems in Thai society; Does this problem require resolution and how?
I think the question itself could be defended as being neutral.
So I think Lese Majeste charge against the lecturer can be judged innocent if he gets a fair trial.
But I am more concerned about those students who might have answered by linking the yellow- shirt phenomena with the yellow- flags on top of the gun’s tank. If the police should get any explicit evidence of anti-yellow in a written form, I am afraid the author will get a long vacation at “bangkok hillton.”
If you were the Thai lecturer, what will you do ? Will you hand over the answer sheets?
Academic freedom?
Hello….
I am a student living in Thailand. I just knew about it from sameskybook’s webboard which referred to Mandala’s blog as a source. So I confirm that this news has not been in the press yet.
Academic freedom?
I do think we need to do something if you do belief in your preach, whoever, Thai or non-Thai citizen.
р╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕Чр╕╕р╕Бр╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щ р╕Ьр╕бр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╣Ар╕лр╕ер╕╖р╕нр╕Фр╣Ир╕зр╕Щ
р╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╕Ьр╕бр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕Щр╕╡р╣Й
р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╢р╕Бр╕Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕гр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕гр╕▓р╕Кр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Бр╕Чр╕Щр╕Др╕Ур╕Ър╕Фр╕╡р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣М р╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕ир╕Ш 0520. 202/ р╕ер╕Зр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣И 16 р╕Б.р╕Д. 2550
р╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕З р╕Вр╕нр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Фр╕▓р╕йр╕Др╕│р╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕гр╕▓р╕вр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕гр╕вр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕в
р╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щ р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╕▓р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕вр╣Мр╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╕Кр╕▒р╕вр╕кр╕┤р╕Зр╕лр╣Мр╕Бр╕▓р╕Щр╕▓р╕Щр╕Щр╕Чр╣М
р╕бр╕╡р╣Ар╕Щр╕╖р╣Йр╕нр╕лр╕▓р╕Чр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕лр╕бр╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓
“р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╕Юр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕кр╕зр╕Щ р╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Щр╕╡р╕Хр╕│р╕гр╕зр╕Ир╕ар╕╣р╕Шр╕гр╕нр╕│р╣Ар╕ар╕нр╣Ар╕бр╕╖р╕нр╕Зр╕Щр╕Др╕гр╕Ыр╕Рр╕б р╕Ир╕▒р╕Зр╕лр╕зр╕▒р╕Фр╕Щр╕Др╕гр╕Ыр╕Рр╕б р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Вр╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣Мр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╕Фр╕▓р╕йр╕Др╕│р╕Хр╕нр╕Ъ
р╕гр╕▓р╕вр╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓р╕нр╕▓р╕гр╕вр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Юр╕гр╣Йр╕нр╕бр╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Бр╕Бр╣Ир╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓
р╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕ер╕░р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╕Хр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╣Бр╕Хр╣Ир╕Ыр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓ 2548 р╕Цр╕╢р╕Зр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕╕р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щ р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╕│р╣Др╕Ыр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Бр╕нр╕Ър╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕▓р╕Др╕Фр╕╡р╕лр╕бр╕┤р╣Ир╕Щр╕Юр╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕гр╕бр╣Ар╕Фр╕Кр╕▓р╕Щр╕╕р╕ар╕▓р╕Ю
р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕пр╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Вр╕нр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕бр╕▓р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╣Вр╕Ыр╕гр╕Фр╕Чр╕гр╕▓р╕Ъ р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Вр╕нр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╕Фр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕зр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕пр╕ар╕▓р╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Чр╕╡р╣И 20 р╕Бр╕гр╕Бр╕Ор╕▓р╕Др╕б 2550 р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Ир╕░р╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕кр╣Ир╕Зр╕бр╕нр╕Ър╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Юр╕Щр╕▒р╕Бр╕Зр╕▓р╕Щр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕кр╕зр╕Щр╕Хр╣Ир╕нр╣Др╕Ы”
р╣Ар╕ер╕вр╕Вр╕нр╣Бр╕Щр╕Ър╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕бр╕▓р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Фр╕╣р╕Фр╣Йр╕зр╕вр╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Юр╕┤р╕Ир╕▓р╕гр╕Ур╕▓р╕Фр╕│р╣Ар╕Щр╕┤р╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕г р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╕Вр╕Ур╕░р╕Щр╕╡р╣Йр╣Ар╕кр╕гр╕╡р╕ар╕▓р╕Юр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕гр╕╡р╕вр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕кр╕нр╕Щр╣Гр╕Щр╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕Цр╕╣р╕Бр╕Др╕╕р╕Бр╕Др╕▓р╕бр╣Бр╕ер╣Йр╕з
р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З.
Academic freedom?
I would like to know how many students answer questions #8 and # 9 and according to Thai law, are these exempt from the lese majesty law?
Academic freedom?
р╕Др╕Ур╕░р╕нр╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕гр╕ир╕▓р╕кр╕Хр╕гр╣М р╕бр╕лр╕▓р╕зр╕┤р╕Чр╕вр╕▓р╕ер╕▒р╕вр╕ир╕┤р╕ер╕Ыр╕▓р╕Бр╕г
р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Ир╕│ р╕ар╕▓р╕Др╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓р╕Хр╣Йр╕Щ р╕Ыр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕ир╕╢р╕Бр╕йр╕▓ 2548
р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕зр╕┤р╕Кр╕▓ 449- 104 THAI CIVILIZATION ( р╕кр╕│р╕лр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕лр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕кр╕╣р╕Хр╕гр╕Ыр╕Бр╕Хр╕┤ ) р╕Ир╕│р╕Щр╕зр╕Щ 1 р╕лр╕Щр╣Йр╕▓
р╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕зр╕▒р╕Щр╕Юр╕др╕лр╕▒р╕кр╕Чр╕╡р╣И р╕Бр╕▒р╕Щр╕вр╕▓р╕вр╕Щ 2548 р╣Ар╕зр╕ер╕▓ 13.30 р╕Щ.-16.30 р╕Щ.
р╕Др╕│р╕кр╕▒р╣Ир╕З р╣С. р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ър╕Чр╕▒р╣Йр╕Зр╕лр╕бр╕Фр╕бр╕╡ р╣Ср╣Р р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╕│р╣Ар╕Юр╕╡р╕вр╕З р╣Ф р╕Вр╣Йр╕н р╣Вр╕Фр╕вр╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Чр╕│р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕Чр╕╡р╣И р╣С
(р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕ер╕░ р╣Тр╣Р р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щ р╕гр╕зр╕б р╣Шр╣Р р╕Др╕░р╣Бр╕Щр╕Щ)
р╣Т. р╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Щр╕│р╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕кр╕▓р╕гр╣Гр╕Ф р╣Ж р╣Ар╕Вр╣Йр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕Фр╕╣р╣Ар╕Юр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Кр╣Ир╕зр╕вр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Хр╕нр╕Ър╕Др╕│р╕Цр╕▓р╕бр╣Др╕Фр╣Й
р╣С. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓ р╕гр╕▒р╕Рр╕Кр╕▓р╕Хр╕┤р╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕Бр╕│р╕лр╕Щр╕Фр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕нр╕Бр╕ер╕▒р╕Бр╕йр╕Ур╣Мр╣Бр╕лр╣Ир╕Зр╕Кр╕▓р╕Хр╕┤р╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╣Ар╕Юр╕гр╕▓р╕░р╣Ар╕лр╕Хр╕╕р╣Гр╕Ф р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Т. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Ар╕Чр╕ир╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╣Гр╕Кр╣Йр╣Бр╕Щр╕зр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Юр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕▓р╣Бр╕Ър╕Ър╣Гр╕Ф р╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Др╕Щр╕кр╣Ир╕зр╕Щр╣Гр╕лр╕Нр╣Ир╣Гр╕Щр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕б р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣У. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╣Ар╕Др╕ер╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Щр╣Др╕лр╕зр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Вр╕Ър╕зр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Чр╕▓р╕Зр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Гр╕Щр╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕╕р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Др╕зр╕гр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Ар╕Кр╣Ир╕Щр╣Др╕г р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ф. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕бр╕╡р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╣Ар╕Ыр╕ер╕╡р╣Ир╕вр╕Щр╕Чр╕▒р╕ир╕Щр╕Др╕Хр╕┤р╣Гр╕Щр╣Ар╕гр╕╖р╣Ир╕нр╕Зр╣Ар╕Юр╕ир╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Бр╕▓р╕бр╕▓р╕гр╕бр╕Ур╣Мр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Х. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Ир╕░р╣Бр╕Бр╣Йр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╣Ир╕нр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕вр╣Др╕Фр╣Йр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Ир╕░р╣Ар╕Бр╕┤р╕Фр╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕Чр╕╕р╕Б р╣Ж р╕Эр╣Ир╕▓р╕в р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ц. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ър╕гр╕┤р╕лр╕▓р╕гр╕Ир╕▒р╕Фр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Ар╕Чр╕ир╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕гр╕▒р╕Рр╕Ър╕▓р╕ер╕Ыр╕▒р╕Ир╕Ир╕╕р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕▓р╕░р╕кр╕бр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ч. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕Фр╕Фр╕Хр╕▓р╕бр╕гр╕Цр╣Др╕Яр╕Вр╕нр╕Зр╕Бр╕гр╕░р╣Бр╕кр╣Вр╕ер╕Бр╕▓р╕ар╕┤р╕зр╕▒р╕Хр╕Щр╣Мр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Чр╕▒р╕Щр╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕кр╕┤р╣Ир╕Зр╕Чр╕╡р╣Ир╕Ир╕│р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ш. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕Цр╕▓р╕Ър╕▒р╕Щр╕Бр╕йр╕▒р╕Хр╕гр╕┤р╕вр╣Мр╕бр╕╡р╕Др╕зр╕▓р╕бр╕Ир╕│р╣Ар╕Ыр╣Зр╕Щр╕кр╕│р╕лр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╣Др╕бр╣И р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Хр╣Йр╕нр╕Зр╕Ыр╕гр╕▒р╕Ър╕Хр╕▒р╕зр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕гр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╣Ар╕лр╕бр╕▓р╕░р╕кр╕бр╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕нр╕Ър╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╕Кр╕▓р╕Шр╕┤р╕Ыр╣Др╕Хр╕в р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Щ. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕вр╕Др╕зр╕гр╕Чр╕│р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕гр╕Ир╕╢р╕Зр╕Ир╕▒р╕Бр╕Бр╕│р╕Ир╕▒р╕Фр╕зр╕▒р╕Тр╕Щр╕Шр╕гр╕гр╕бр╣Бр╕Ър╕Ър╕нр╕│р╕Щр╕▓р╕Ир╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕ир╕▒р╕Бр╕Фр╕┤р╕Щр╕▓р╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕лр╕бр╕Фр╕нр╕┤р╕Чр╕Шр╕┤р╕Юр╕ер╕ер╕Зр╣Др╕Ыр╣Др╕Фр╣Й р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╣Ср╣Р. р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕Др╕┤р╕Фр╕зр╣Ир╕▓р╕гр╕░р╕Ър╕Ър╕Чр╕╕р╕Щр╕Щр╕┤р╕вр╕бр╣Гр╕лр╣Йр╕Ыр╕гр╕░р╣Вр╕вр╕Кр╕Щр╣Мр╕лр╕гр╕╖р╕нр╕кр╕гр╣Йр╕▓р╕Зр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Бр╕▒р╕Ър╕кр╕▒р╕Зр╕Др╕бр╣Др╕Чр╕в р╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕г р╣Бр╕ер╕░р╕Чр╣Ир╕▓р╕Щр╕бр╕╡р╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╣Ар╕кр╕Щр╕нр╕нр╕вр╣Ир╕▓р╕Зр╣Др╕гр╣Гр╕Щр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ир╕▒р╕Фр╕Бр╕▓р╕гр╕Ыр╕▒р╕Нр╕лр╕▓р╕Фр╕▒р╕Зр╕Бр╕ер╣Ир╕▓р╕з р╕Ир╕Зр╕нр╕ар╕┤р╕Ыр╕гр╕▓р╕в
р╕Ър╕╕р╕Нр╕кр╣Ир╕З р╕Кр╕▒р╕вр╕кр╕┤р╕Зр╕лр╣Мр╕Бр╕▓р╕Щр╕▓р╕Щр╕Щр╕Чр╣М- р╕Ьр╕╣р╣Йр╕нр╕нр╕Бр╕Вр╣Йр╕нр╕кр╕нр╕Ъ