Recent violence in Myanmar’s Rakhine state has led to an increase in the persecution of the Rohingya people, but the international community continues to turn a blind eye, Nancy Hudson-Rodd writes.
In 1992, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights assigned a Special Rapporteur to monitor the situation of human rights in Myanmar. This intervention by the United Nations (UN) was motivated by the need to respond to grave and systematic human rights violations perpetrated by the country’s military regime against civilians, especially the persecution of the Rohingya. More than a decade later, at the 2005 World UN Summit, all member states endorsed the Responsibility to Protect, a global norm “aimed at preventing and halting Genocide, War Crimes, Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes against Humanity.” Still, genocide of the Rohingya continues.
Following a recent outbreak of violence on 9 October in which nine police officers were killed, the Myanmar military has declared the Maungdaw area an ‘operational zone’ and reportedly conducted lethal ‘clearance operations’ to hunt down Rohingya ‘militants’ accused of the attacks on three border posts, despite the assailants’ identities being unknown. Local ethnic Buddhist Rakhines have been recruited to supplement other forces, and are armed to protect Buddhist residents from Muslim militants “who never follow the laws and are trying to seize our land and extend their territory”, according to Colonel Sein Lwin, Rakhine State Police Officer. The new recruits will serve 18 months with border police then be deployed to police stations in their hometowns. Rohingya have little chance of escape.
Top officials, like State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, refused to use the word Rohingya in their responses to the 9 October attacks, while the UNDP Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Myanmar urged that the rule of law be fully respected and that civilians be protected.
The Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General on Myanmar praised the authorities’ “good organization and discipline in averting any major outbreak of violence between the communities in Rakhine. At this delicate juncture, the local communities must refuse to be provoked by these incidents and their leaders must work actively to prevent incitement of animosity or mutual hatred between Buddhist and Muslim communities.”
But this is not a religious or ethnic struggle between equal “communities”. The Rohingya are not equal parties in the conflict. What is unfolding in Rakhine state is a well-executed military assault to remove the Rohingya from Myanmar.
Credible reports of arbitrary arrests, rape, torture, and extrajudicial killings of Rohingya followed these “clearance” operations. Human Rights Watch said satellite images reveal the vast extent of burnt homes, villages, crops, animals, mosques and religious property. Whole villages have been cleared and more than 10,000 Rohingya forcibly removed from their homes. Villagers reported that their empty properties were looted by state security forces and Buddhist residents.
On 16 November, the Office of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi denied all allegations of damage inflicted on Rohingya but accused the “armed attackers” of burning their own villages, in order to get media attention and to receive aid from international organisations.
Adama Dieng, the United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide called for conditions to be put in place that would support peaceful coexistence among the different communities in Rakhine State.
If peaceful coexistence is, in fact, the goal, the terms of peace become nearly irrelevant. Such an approach ensures that governments move far away from justice.
In its 15 November bulletin (page 9), the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect reported that “Mass atrocity crimes are occurring and urgent action is needed” in Myanmar, Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Sudan. The report states that “Stateless Rohingya in Burma/Myanmar face systematic persecution that poses an existential threat to their community.”
Recent violence and ongoing human rights violations against Rohingya amount to possible crimes against humanity.
“Genocide is taking place in Myanmar” and there is a “serious and present danger of annihilation of the Rohingya population,” concluded International State Crime Initiative Director, Professor Penny Green, in the organisation’s 2015 report Countdown to Annihilation: Genocide in Myanmar.
The international community has a responsibility to protect the Rohingya, to respond to crimes of genocide, and to ensure human rights violations do not continue. As the third pillar of the Responsibility to Protect says: “If a State is manifestly failing to protect its populations, the international community must be prepared to take collective action to protect populations, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.”
Any global assessment of recent developments reveals a disturbing pattern of disingenuousness, an expedient reaching for the lowest common denominator for international agreement and a profound moral failure to value Rohingya lives. The State is responsible for decades of deadly indiscriminate attacks on civilian Rohingya conducted by the military, forcing Rohingya to abandon their homes and villages, while denying them food, water, shelter, and medical care, or locking them in camps secured by armed guards. The perpetrators’ racially motivated statements are used to increase hate and resentment of Rohingya, as is a media campaign to establish ethnic solidarity on the basis of an enemy ‘other’ which is to be both feared and hated.
Decades of urgent appeals have been made to the Myanmar government to halt the violence, but few foreign governments want to take action forcing Myanmar to deal with the issue. The focus has been on the humanitarian crisis, rather than on the political, legal or military action needed to address the violence. The gesture politics, hesitation, compromises, and wishful thinking about Myanmar’s ‘transition to democracy’ upon which Western policy is based, are having real consequences for the hundreds of thousands of Rohingya.
Relentlessly dark news continues to emerge from Rakhine State. Are there no circumstances that will compel an international intervention that is adequate to protect the vulnerable Rohingya and bring the perpetrators to justice?
Justice for Rohingya and the prevention of genocide means devoting major diplomatic attention and likely military forces to intervene in Myanmar to protect this persecuted people.
Dr Nancy Hudson-Rodd, a human geographer, is a research Associate with the Asia Institute and the School of Land and Food, at the University of Tasmania. She has conducted research for over a decade on military confiscation of land, human rights abuses and the Rohingya in Burma.
‘…Military forces to intervene in Myanmar to protect’. Rather like the ‘genocide’ in Kosovo; after two thousand Serbian casualties, $30 billion of infrastructure damage and bombing with 15000 tons of depleted uranium, it turned out to be ‘fake news’.
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The day the West bombs Myanmar is the day the real genocide begins. And despite causing it, the West would say ‘they did the right thing too late.’ But the author must be living in a self-righteous bubble to even think of that.
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1812847.stm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ehf4n5UIdo
This is ‘fake news’? Why? I am baffled at the amount of blind genocide denial by the commentators on this site.
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The Soros-funded Global Centre for the Responsibilty to Protect which forms the basis of this article, is definitely not a ‘credible’ source (Libya is an earlier example of their ‘protection’).
HRW, the BBC and anonymous Youtube videos are equally worthless.
http://www.dcclothesline.com/2015/03/10/propaganda-fail-soros-funded-human-rights-watch-posts-photo-of-american-bombing-destruction-and-blames-assad/
http://www.thecanary.co/2016/05/06/the-abysmal-local-elections-coverage-shows-the-bbc-has-moved-beyond-bias-to-pure-propaganda/
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Right, and random WordPress websites are clearly credible? .
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Mainstream media has become increasingly unreliable in recent decades to the extent that credible information now requires quite a bit of research.
I wonder at your purpose in visiting this website ‘S.Park’? Your contributions consist of little more than vacuous counter-statements. Your chosen photograph is however quite appropriate as this is how I feel when I read your commentary.
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I, too do not enjoy engaging in these meaningless discussions. If you can refrain from post offensive conspiracy theories, I will respond in kind.
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Nancy a very good article dealing with real issues. The human tragedy surrounding the Rohingya is simply too appalling for words but in the haste to engage Myanmar the Rohingya are looked upon by those seeking engagement as a bit of a nuisance or anomaly. I remember 2 years ago the ADB attempted to get me to prepare a Country Safeguards Strategy for Myanmar and when I mentioned the Rohingya I was told in the “too hard” box and the priority is first to engage the government and other sectors of society including civil society organizations. I was totally pissed with this BS and did a runner although the ADB will claim I simply refused to complete the work. Keep up the good work although it must be an uphill struggle at this juncture.
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Shit at least 4 people dislike my comments. Wonder if they are from the ADB or similar. It is a bit rich disliking comments where one stands on principle but I suppose there are “small-minded” and “faceless” people that read NM.
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probably best if the comments on this article are read first then we won’t be subject to a lot of rehashing .
http://www.newmandala.org/confronting-genocide-myanmar/#li-comment-1931840
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I agree absolutely. The same arguments and mindless insults are traded again here. The valuable points that are made by others besides the barks by SWH and S.Park are completely overlooked. Look at some historical facts and the context this all is happening before getting on your high moral horse (Falang, I do not mean you!)
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Pitiful. Is a sperm sample for a rape allegation too much to ask? Is a video or a photo featuring Burmese soldiers, or gunshot wounds from those who escaped “wholesale massacres” too much to ask? Yes, author. I give up. White men and women are the most moral creatures on this planet (despite the fact that only them enslaved a large portion of the world population, only them committed wholesale genocides in Americas and elsewhere, only them fought world wars and killed people for ideological nonsense et. etc.). You guys know better than the rest of the world. Only you stand for the weak and fight against the oppressors. But I have to say that blood is in your hands. People like you are responsible for prolonging the conflict, by dividing the communities with your self-righteousness and patent nonsense.
If 8888 happened today, the West would definitely unleash its no-fly zones and bombing campaigns. But what was actually happened? Since I was young, I met and talked with hundreds of Burmese soldiers and real people who participated in the protests. I have yet to find a genocidal monster who would enjoy mowing down the crowds. But let me tell you the truth in Mawlamyine as told by real people. In front of No.1 Market, students and protesters beheaded several accused of being ‘spies’. Rebel groups took advantage of the chaos and shot several rounds with one bullet narrowly missing my father’s head, but shootings in which several of our neighbors killed. But Western stories featured ‘nonviolent’ protesters gunned down by monstrous soldiers.
So, if your wishful, and pathetically attention-seeking, call for ‘military actions’ took place, millions of Burmese, including myself, would flock to the Burmese military. The chances are between zero and nil. Now, time to reach out for your SSRI prescription so that you don’t need to seek serotonin elsewhere.
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Why do you continue to dodge around answering any of the questions that I have brought up, and insist on spouting your pitiful rhetoric? Let me try again: if there are none of these abuses happening against the Rohingya, why are tens of thousands of them risking their lives in horribly dangerous conditions to flee from Rakhine state?
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Things we can agree on about Rohingya conditions: extreme poverty, statelessness, and inability to move to richer regions of Myanmar. For me, these conditions are sufficient to explain attempted migrations to other places. You might want to note that 40-60% of Rakhine youths have already left their homelands, largely ignored by the rest of the world. However, since the Rohingya situation is worse than the Rakhine youths, we can expect a lot of attempted migrations.
There is no reason (nor evidence) that a reforming government and military would want to engage in atrocities. The West has always assumed that the Burmese military is an irrational actor, something which would act against its own self-interest. For the West, rationality is so rare a trait that only the West is capable of. That has proven to be wrong every time since 1988.
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The Burmese government is reforming, yes, but it is also true that the military still to holds much of the power and control in the country. Let me ask you: why has Myanmar been a country with one of the most bloody and violent history with its minority groups in the world? Why have so many minority insurgent groups been formed and waged war against the military dictatorship? The motivation behind the Tatmadaw’s complicity (or direct involvement) in the ongoing atrocities against the Rohingya are undoubtedly tied to their desire to exploit and exacerbate the already fraught and hostile relations that exist between the Rohingya minority and the significant majority of the Burmese Buddhist population in order to consolidate their own power and legitimacy.
The persecution of a minority group in order to unify and legitimize the ruling authority has been seen time and time again throughout history, it only speaks to the cruel nature of humanity. (See: Spanish Inquisition, Rwandan Genocide, and of course, the Holocaust) Aung San Su Kyi, while not directly leading these genocidal agendas herself, seems to be unwilling to compromise her influence with the military to oppose or combat these atrocities.
As per your point regarding the migration of the Rohingya: impoverishment, statelessness and immobility are common characteristics of persecuted migrant groups found all over the world. Yet there is no massive outmigration flow of desperate Kurds or Uyghurs risking their lives to escape their conditions. Why is this? Part of it is undoubtably their status of at least partial recognition and self-autonomy; the Burmese government does not allow this for the Rohingya. But the most significant driver can be seen by comparing the commonality of other refugees who are and have fled from their homes in huge numbers: Circassians, Syrians, Salvadorans, Hondurans, Nicaraguans, and even with Myanmar itself the minority people of Shan, Karen, Kachin state. It is violence and the fear of one’s own life – whether driven by the state or by the surrounding context – that cretaes this horrific desperation in people. To argue otherwise would be either ignoring the risks of the journeys that these people take, or to see them as the actual ‘irrational actors’ .
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You have already answered your own question.
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… No I haven’t?
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I have no idea Park. We can speculate days and nights but will lead nowhere with hard evidence.
Best.
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*without hard evidence.
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I’m guessing, from the logic of your complaint about lack of sperm samples to back allegations of rape, that white slave-owners in South Carolina in the eighteenth century can’t be proved to have raped slaves, that Nazi soldiers can’t be proved to have raped French civilians in World War Two, that Japanese troops can’t be proved to have raped Chinese women in Nanjing, and that the Burmese army can’t be proved to have raped ANYONE! Interesting world you live in, where a video of a woman claiming to have been raped is worthless, but the words of the Burmese military on the affair you trust.
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Spot on. Disempowered women are not to be given any credibility but military officers are to be accorded as much respect as possible. Arguments about sperm samples in rape cases is just BS. Females or males can be raped with objects other than their genitalia. Think at least one NM reader needs a lesson or two as to what constitutes rape and in war rape is often used. Look at the Nanking Massacre, the annuversary of which was yesterday. Japanese soldiers did not rape women: the latter provided “comfort”! So no more talk of “sperm” as those using this ridiculous argument only make themselves look sillier.
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In the beginning you say that the “international community continues to turn a blind eye” on the Rohingya issue, while in the article you make many references to international papers etc. I think the Rohingya issue is widely discussed internationally, although often based on hearsay and not well researched information. Thereason is, not the least, that media and international NGO have to define issues for their work. Certainly one reason for the lack of information is that it is hard and difficult to get data on the ground in Rakhine state. From what I learned the issue is slightly more complex then Rakhine Buddhists attacking Muslim Rohingya with the support of the military. At least a few remarks made by Muslim extremists in Myanmar are challenging, like to turn Myanmar into a Muslim state, to introduce the Sharia etc. Of course, one could say that these are just remarks from a few weirdos, but how to distinguish them from others without proper information?
Speaking of international ignorance, why do the int. NGO, media etc. not report about the struggle of the Kachin and Shan?
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It is quite interesting how positions of persons who are comparatively well informed and have differentiated positions are either ignored or attacked. A good example is Jaques Leider. See for example:
https://www.facebook.com/notes/yangon-press-international/interview-with-rakhine-history-expert-on-the-recent-communal-conflict-in-rakhine/418657374847557/
http://www.rohingyablogger.com/2015/03/action-demanded-against-un-advisor-dr.html
http://brouk.org.uk/?p=305
It seems that a rather outspoken part of the international community is not really interested in unbiased, scientific information!
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^
https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/12/13/burma-military-burned-villages-rakhine-state
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I do not argue that atrocities do not take place! I just argue in favour of well researched data and unbiased analysis and to avoid terms like genocide etc. I regard the usage of such a term in this context as insult to those who suffered genocide like the indigenous americans, European jews, roma and sinti during the Nazi time, the Armenians in Turky, etc.
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Does anything contradict the military argument? No. The army said the Rohingya burned their own houses and left once they saw soldiers. They didn’t say they burned their own houses out of nowhere.
The pattern of Rohingya burning their own houses was witnessed and well-reported in local media during the 2012 riots. So far, nothing has contradicted the claims.
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I would like to add to HRK: Martin Smith in the 90s wrote about the dreadful consequences of the Nagamin operation in Rakhine in 1978. But he also states that this was directed against a longlasting Mujahid campaign by the Muslims to seced the Mayu Frontier Division from Burma and join it to Islamic Bangladesh. So what now about the Rohingya being Burmese citizens for centuries, if in the 70s they still tried to unite with Bangladesh? I repeat: nothing justifies killing, torture or rape. But that does not mean that the Rohingya are all blue-eyed darlings. Btw: nobody seems to have anything to say about Buddhists in Bangladesh (Chakma and others) being ill-treated, driven away, often even killed. What about that?
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Known as the “Quiet Genocide of Buddhists in Bangladesh” the more than 60-years long genocide has been going on so long at such intensity that Buddhist population in Bangladesh has been annihilated from a substantial 20% in the 1950s to a negligible 0.7% today.
Please read the ongoing genocide of Buddhist people (Yakhine and Burmese-like people) in the Chittagong Hills in Bangladesh at following link.
http://www.angelfire.com/ab/jumma/genocide.html
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Aung Moe is 100 % correct and I have trying with little help from NM to point out the ACTUAL genocide of tribal Buddhists in Chittagong, as well as Bengaki Hindus and Christians in Bangladesh. NM apparently isn’t upset about this in order to continue the bogus “Rohingya” myth.
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Burmese Buddhists must be really bad at committing a genocide that the Muslim population in Burma more than doubles or even triples last 60 years, while Bangladeshis are so very good at the genocide business the Buddhist population there basically disappears in last 60 years.
From nearly 99% in 1950 to less than 15% in today Chittagong hills and no one – not a single country – raises a complaint.
And people like Falang and S.Park and Nancy Hudson-Rodd are loudly claiming a Muslim genocide in Burma. They must be high on something or even a Saudi-Payroll for promoting such a wild fantasy.
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Rohingya Inc. Ltd. is a runaway highly profitable business. Now of long duration since 2011 and showing explosive growth. All “Rights” businesses, University businesses, Media businesses and of course individuals and UN businesses. At the very least a billion dollar business.
Those “Rohingya” people on the ground. They are like those beggars with bandaged stumps on the streets. People who “champion” them need then exactly where they are.
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The Jumma people have been massacred, and they have been the victims of countless crimes carried out by the Bangladeshi government, but the extraordinary demographic change in the CHT is really due to a tsunami of Bengali landgrabbers. The same wave that India is blocking with a 3600km fence and the same wave that has created the ‘Rohingya’ out of nothing in Myanmar.
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To Aung Moe.
What you stated regarding Buddhists in Bangladesh is clearly false. Not only Buddhists but all the people of other religions here are regarded and treated as equal as Muslims. That’s why Bangladesh is more peaceful than Myanmar tangled in anarchy for decades. Bangladesh is a democratic and secular country, it is advancing day by day with a huge population. We believe that if all the citizens including Buddhists are not given equal opportunity we cannot progress.
Your claim that number of Buddhists are diminishing in Bangladesh. Is it probe of genocide? It is not true. Buddhists here are getting equal access to all facilities the government provides.
Problem is that ( my assumption) the people like you in Myanmar have been influenced with the mentality of your Army which are prolonging the anarchic situation all over the country. As a result it is happening what is to be happened and it will result in a permanent chaos in your country.
BUT NEVER THINK THAT YOU COULD SOLVE THE PROBLEM BY KILLING ROHIGYA.
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The ability to lie to oneself seems to be a requirement of “peace loving” islam…
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Why do so many people, who are supposed to be happy, are leaving Bangladesh?
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Precisely. And some of them getting political asylum in European countries like Germany because of religious and political persecution…..
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Dear Amin,
Bangladesh is so peaceful you have terrorist attack almost every day all over the country. I don’t really want to remind you of recent Islamists’ brutal rapes, mutilations, and murders of women hostages in Holey Artisan Bakery Cafe in Dhaka. And the machete murders of secular intellectuals including Bangladeshi-American professor Avijit Roy in Dhaka recently.
Bangladesh is so peaceful Bangladeshis flee their country at any given chance that your principal export is human beings. India has to build 3,800 km long border fence and shoot the border-crossing illegal Bangladeshis on sight, some right on the high fence.
In faraway New York where i used to live the second largest number of illegals after the Latinos are the dreaded Bangladeshis. In Australia the Border Security Force has a mandatory rule to deport Bangladeshi illegals as soon as they are caught and Bangladeshi boats are forcefully turned back to Indonesia.
Burma with 60 million people is physically five times larger than your little extremely-crowded-country with nearly 200 million restless souls and anyone can understand why so-called Rohingyas are now demanding Burmese citizenship instead of Bangladeshi one which is their ancestral right.
And people still do not realise that the Rohingya population doubles every 20 years almost like in the Bangladesh their fatherland.
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“……International State Crime Initiative Director, Professor Penny Green, in the organisation’s 2015 report Countdown to Annihilation: Genocide in Myanmar.”
“….Rohingya population doubles every 20 years almost like in the Bangladesh their fatherland.”
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Aung Moe is engaging is chauvinistic gibberish. She/He/It uses NM as a platform for this gibberish. Fortunately the “Burmans” and even Rohingya working in the factories of Samut Prakan who play football on a portion of my wife’s land in Bang Plee Yai are not at all like Aung Moe. Indeed I wonder who Aung Moe is?
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13 Dec 2016
YANGON — New satellite imagery suggests that the burning of villages in northern Rakhine State was conducted by members of security forces, not by villagers as the government has claimed, New York-based Human Rights Watch has said.
http://frontiermyanmar.net/en/military-conducted-reprisal-arson-attacks-in-rakhine-hrw-says
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Fri, 23/12/2016
The Burmese military has conducted a campaign of arson, killings, and rape against ethnic Rohingya that has threatened the lives of thousands more, Human Rights Watch said today. Refugees who fled the recent violence told Human Rights Watch that since the October 9, 2016 attacks by Rohingya militants on government border guard posts in northern Rakhine State, Burmese security forces have retaliated by inflicting horrific abuses on the Rohingya population.
http://www.prachatai.com/english/node/6801
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28 December 2016
RANGOON — As a Malaysian organization pledges to send a “food flotilla” to Burma’s conflict-ridden Maungdaw and Buthidaung townships, President’s Office spokesperson U ZawHtay told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday that such a gesture could be met with a warning or with violence.
http://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/could-the-burmese-navy-attack-malaysias-food-flotilla.html
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More than 20 Nobel peace prize winners have criticised their fellow laureate, Aung San Suu Kyi, for failing to protect Rohingyas in Myanmar’s strife-torn Rakhine state.
http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/nobel-peace-prize-winners-scold-aung-san-suu-kyi-over-crimes-against-rohingyas-20161230-gtjzco.html
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzDqoeYygFc
2 January 2017
The government has vowed to “take action” against Burmese police officers seen abusing detainees in Arakan State after a video of the incident made the rounds online over the weekend.
http://www.dvb.no/news/govt-vows-action-video-police-abuse-arakan-emerges/73402
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Baby boy washes ashore near Rohingya refugee camp
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fh2C26du2jk
Published on Jan 3, 2017
Face down in the mud, a baby boy lies still after being washed up on a river bank near a Rohingya refugee camp. CNN’s Saima Mohsin reports.
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Rohingya boys and girls as young as 11 and 12 spoke of atrocities they had witnessed that forced them to flee Myanmar’s Rakhine state in recent weeks, with some telling BenarNews they saw Burmese security personnel burn their siblings alive.
http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/rohingya-children-01232017172058.html
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A soldier slits a baby’s throat for crying out for his mother’s milk.
Soldiers stomp on the stomach of a mother while she is in labour and then burn down her family home.
Mass rapes, murders, forced disappearances, beatings and families locked in torched houses and burnt alive.
Entire villages, mosques, shops, and schools destroyed.
A United Nations report released on February 3 documented atrocities in Myanmar’s western Rakhine State ( http://www.theage.com.au/world/united-nations-reports-horrors-inflicted-on-rohingya-in-myanmars-rakhine-state-20170204-gu5po5.html ) that it said “very likely” amount to crimes against humanity.
http://www.theage.com.au/world/australia-must-speak-up-about-myanmars-devastating-cruelty-to-rohingya-20170207-gu7wev.html
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Falang = Tocharian , S. Park!?
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No and No
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February 14 2017
A Myanmar court has sentenced a Rohingya Muslim man to death while no one has yet been held to account for more than 1000 documented atrocities, including the slaughter of babies, against other Rohingya in the country’s western RakhineState.
http://www.watoday.com.au/world/rohingya-sentenced-to-death-while-atrocities-continue-20170213-guc9ue.html
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Rohingyan girls forced to become child brides after fleeing to Malaysia
15th February 2017
https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/02/rohingyan-girls-forced-become-child-brides-fleeing-malaysia/
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