Greg Fealy is emeritus professor of Indonesian politics in the Department of Political and Social Change (PSC), ANU; Dr Sally White is a researcher in PSC; and Burhanuddin Muhtadi is a senior researcher of LSI and senior lecturer at the Department of Political Science, State Islamic University, Jakarta. The LSI survey and social media content analysis referred to in this article were funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade through the Southeast Asia Rules-Based Order program at ANU.